E-Learning Tools Essay - 803 Words

E-Learning Tools This paper will discuss three tools used at the University of Phoenix that give their students transfer lifelong skills that can be used in the work place as well as everyday life. Learning Teams, rEsource, and Problem Based Learning are the tools that teach students problem-solving techniques and social skills. The rEsource contains valuable links to information resources that allows students to enhance their research skills. The Value of rEsource R-Esourcse is a valuable tool that allows students to access current course material such as simulations, announcements, access notes, review assignments, discuss questions, and take practice quizzes anytime anywhere during the day or week via the internet, it also gives†¦show more content†¦Team members are assigned roles that rotate from assignment to assignment improving the students social skills, giving student the feeling of self worth and a sense of belonging, each team member is viewed as a valuable assets to the entire team. Once the learning team members start to understand that each of them has to contribute to learn they will earn a valuable experience in communication, trust, leadership, decision making, and conflict resolution. Many studies have shown that when correctly implemented, cooperative learning improves information acquisition and retention, higher-level thinking skills, interpersonal and communication skills, and self-confidence (Johnson, Johnson, and Smith, 1998). The most valuable lessons learned from Learning Team is those students who work together have success in accomplishing common goals. The Value of Problem-Based Learning The ability to problem-solve and work in effective teams are highly prized attributes in the workplace, Problem based learning provides students with these skills and attributes. Few people in society work in isolation. Because social interaction is such an important aspect of work life, problem based learning incorporates collaborative teams in the solving of relevant problems. This methodology promotes student interaction and teamwork, thereby enhancing students interpersonal skills (Bernstein et al., 1995; Pincus, 1995; Vernon, 1995). Problem basedShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management Information System1731 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions such as e-recruiting, self-service technology, and E-Learning and training becoming the norm, a HR Director has to have a working knowledge of HRIS to be able to successfully manage a HR department and make sure the organization is able to compete with rival companies in recruiting and employee satisfaction. In this paper we will discuss these three topics and I will attempt to give detailed information to help better understand how each is an important part of HRIS. E-Recruiting For aRead MoreEssay On E-Learning Development920 Words   |  4 Pages6 Must-Have Tools for Engaging e-learning Development E-learning tools and technologies are becoming increasingly popular – and it’s not difficult to understand why. The ability to learn from anywhere, at any time, opens up more doors than we could ever imagine. It is convenient, enriching, and cost-effective. E-learning doesn’t have to be reserved for educational institutions. Anyone can make use of the benefits it offers. Businesses, in particular, are just starting to explore the benefits ofRead MoreThe Delivery System, Communication And Educational Paradigm Oriented Definitions1156 Words   |  5 PagesE- Learning can be defined in many ways. There are delivery system, communication and educational paradigm oriented definitions. The delivery system definitions presents e-learning as a means of accessing knowledge through learning teaching or training. This definition focuses on the accessibility of resources and not the results of achievements. For example E-learning is the delivery of a learning, training or education program by electronic means†. The communication oriented definition considersRead MoreReflecting on an E-learning Staff Training Event that I Witnessed for Six Years as a Participant1048 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The primary focus of this paper is to reflect on an E-learning staff development training event that I observed for the last six years as a participant. The E-learning training utilized the same method and the same material during this time. The staff development training is an annual requirement for teachers to complete before the beginning of each school year. This training was mandatory and supported the concept of safe schools. The objective of the training was highlightedRead MoreE Learning : Developments, Benefits And Future820 Words   |  4 Pagese-Learning - Developments, Benefits and the Future Definition In its expanded form, e-Learning simply means electronic learning. There are many ‎interpretations and extrapolations of these simple two words combined. A lengthy, but ‎comprehensive definition of e- Learning has been developed and used by the intergovernmental ‎organization know as the Commonwealth of Learning (COL). This agency posts the following ‎definition:‎ ‎Online learning and e-learning - terms that have emerged to describeRead MoreThe Importance Of Employee Training Is Invaluable For Your Business Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant influence on training and learning. These tools are used by many people in their daily lives, especially the millennial generation. Many companies are beginning to use these tools for recruiting new employees and marketing and developing products and services. These tools are also being used for learning. Eleven percent of training hours are delivered in a virtual classroom and twenty two percent is delivered online. Thirty three percent of learning hours involve technology-based trainingRead MoreThe Definition Of E Learning1608 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition of e-Learning Today people need to learn new concepts and new techniques that change rapidly, so people have an overwhelming need to learn, sometime they also need to work while learning and their resources are limited therefore they need the power of technology to overcome the limitations of time, distance and resources. E-Learning provide people from one or different organizations anytime and anywhere learning possibilities, providing the resources to teach them. Different e - Learning methodsRead MoreEssay on Benefits And Limitation Of EC Innovation619 Words   |  3 PagesAbstract E-learning is an innovative EC system which has been gaining much attention mainly because world-class universities are implementing it. E-learning can be useful both as an environment for facilitating learning at schools and as an environment for efficient and effective corporate training. (Turban, King, Lee, Liang Turban, 2012). This paper describes the business and social benefits and limitations of E-commerce. Social and Business Benefits of E-learning E-learningRead MoreCritical Thinking And Social Media Defined1426 Words   |  6 Pageseffective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism† (Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking). Social media is defined as a digital social media tools and located outside a formal Learning Management System. External social media sites include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Wikipedia, Flickr, LinkedIn, and Second Life. ‘‘Given that Facebook continues to be popular among college students, and that universities are interestedRead MoreOnline Education as an Effective Educational Method Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of pen and pencil can be dated back to the Roman Empire. However, with the developing pace the traditional means of attaining education are changing. The introduction of information technology has brought forth a new way of learning through the internet. E-learning is the new form of education introduced by IT which helps people to attain knowledge through the use of their computers. A portal is introduced by the use of information technology which the students are able to access and to take

Women s Suffrage By Matilda Joslyn Gage - 1433 Words

In the late 19th century, woman’s suffrage was an extreme idea usually promoted by outspoken people on the outside of polite society. The beginning of the movement was weak and fragile, with supporters trying their best to push woman’s suffrage into the spotlight and onto the main party platforms. The movement could not afford to have supporters more volatile than the already radical idea of allowing woman the vote. In an effort to push support for woman’s suffrage in the 1880s, the National Woman’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) decided that they needed to portray themselves and their supporters as respectable and honorable women. Matilda Joslyn Gage was one of several woman whose contributions were downplayed by the history books and by†¦show more content†¦While the three types are not designated to a specific era, they often follow a linear path with the history of woman’s suffrage and woman’s rights. Examples of rights feminists in clude early reformers like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Rights feminists believed that woman should be given suffrage because it was their right as citizens. Following these woman are difference feminists, like Frances Willard. These feminists believed that woman should be given the vote because woman would represent different ideas and beliefs in the polls. Finally, there are emancipation feminists who believe in the total and absolute freedom for woman. Some feminists align clearly with one type, while others are a mixture of both, or even change later in their lives. Matilda Joslyn Gage was a rights feminist who believed that woman should be given their rights because off of their humanity and that woman needed to break free from the harsh social constructions of the Christian Churches. Gage’s beliefs can clearly be seen throughout her life and inspired from her childhood. Matilda Joslyn Gage was born on the 24th of March 1826 to Dr. Hezekiah Joslyn and Helen Leslie in Cicero, New York. Gage was an only child and was raised in a reformist home. Dr. Hezekiah Gage was a well-known and open supporter of abolition and their family home was a stop on the famed Underground Railroad. Her childhood created a lifelong passion for civil rights

Distinguishing Features of the Major Court Systems free essay sample

Distinguishing Features of the Major Court Systems Criminal procedure can be complex, not only because of many factual questions that arise in day-day-police/citizen encounters but also because of the two-tiered structure of the United States court system. This two-tiered structure reflects the idea of dual sovereignty. The United States Legal system has been designed allow all citizens to receive a fair criminal trial regardless of social status, gender, race, and ethnic background. The system is composed by many confounding and complicated elements and processes. In the United States there are two parallel systems of courts: federal and state. Each is divided into trial courts and appellate courts. There are more than 200 statewide general and limited jurisdiction trial court systems in the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, and more than 130 appellate courts on the state and federal levels. State appellate courts range in size from five to nine judges—most have a state court of last resort with seven members (Abadinsky, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Distinguishing Features of the Major Court Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our country has a two-tiered court structure consisting of federal and state courts. The fifty state court systems present a complex array of structures: No two state court systems are alike. There are two basic types of courts: those that try cases (trial courts) and those that consider cases only on appeal (appellate courts) from a trial court or a lower appellate court. (Abadinsky, 2008). While there are systems of trial and appellate courts in each state, most are not at all systematic. It is difficult to generalize about state courts. Some states, such as New York (Appendix A), present a confusing system of courts, often with overlapping jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is basic to understanding the organization of a court system. It is the geographic area, subject matter, or persons over which a court can exercise authority. The area of geographic jurisdiction is referred to as venue, and it can be limited to a particular district, city, or county. Venue in criminal cases is relatively simple—it is where the crime is alleged to have taken place. In civil cases, however, venue can be based on a number of factors, such as where the cause of the action arose, where the defendant resides or conducts business, or where the plaintiff resides (Abadinsky, 2008). State court structures vary from one state to the next, but generally consist of courts of limited jurisdiction, trial courts of general jurisdiction, intermediate appellate courts, and supreme courts. Most criminal cases originate in the trial courts of general jurisdiction, with decisions there being appealed to the intermediate appellate court and then to the state supreme court (Worrall, 2007). In every state, most cases come to trial in courts of limited jurisdiction, such as small-claims, juvenile, and traffic courts. These are specialized courts that hear only one or a relatively few types of cases. They are the most numerous type of court in the United States and in some states these courts handle more than 80 percent of all trials (Lieberman, 2004). Felony prosecutions and major civil trials take place in courts of general jurisdiction, which are empowered to hear many kinds of cases. These courts are often called superior courts, although the name varies by state. Every year more than 10 million cases or prosecutions are filed in these courts. However, less than 2 percent of these ever come to trial. Most civil cases are settled by the parties and most criminal defendants enter plea bargains (Lieberman, 2004). The Intermediate Appellate Courts are established on every state to relieve the pressure on their supreme courts, which were being inundated by appeals (Lieberman, 2004). As in federal system the state intermediate appellate courts hear appeals from both criminal and civil trial courts within their geographic regions. Every state has a final appellate court. In most states these are called supreme courts. Some states have two, one for criminal and other for civil appeals. The state supreme courts hear appeals mostly form intermediate appeals courts. Most supreme courts may choose which cases to review, and all have the final word on matters of state law, that is, common law, statutes, and the state constitution (Abadinsky, 2008). As outline in appendix B, at the federal level, three types of courts are relevant: District courts, circuit courts of appeals, and the U. S. Supreme Court. The district courts try cases involving violations of federal laws. District court decisions are appealed to the circuit courts of appeals, and then to the U. S. Supreme Court (Worrall, 2007). The highest court in the federal jurisdiction is the United State Supreme Court, which does not only hear federal appeals. United States Supreme Court is the ultimate court of last resort. The cases heard by lower level trial courts and appellate courts can be appealed to state supreme courts and federal appellate courts, no other court looks over the shoulder of the U. S. Supreme Court. When it comes to interpreting the federal law and applying both the federal and state law the Supreme Court of the United States is the number one authority. The judgments passed by the nine justices on this court are final (Adler, Mueller Lawfer, 2009). Federal courts enjoy rather extensive jurisdiction over 5 types of cases: 1) Those in which the United States is a party 2) Cases involving foreign officials 3) Those involving parties from different states if more than $75,000 is involved 4) Cases involving the US Constitution and federal laws 5) Those concerning specialty matters such as patent, copyright, customs and bankruptcy State courts share jurisdiction with fed court in categories 3 and 4 while fed court exercise jurisdiction in all other cases (Worrall, 2007). In conclusion, both state and federal courts although different they work in a similar manner aiding each other in serving the citizens live in better and more lawful communities and states. The state courts are more complicated for they respond to law of their particular state. But the mere function of the court system is whether Federal or State is simple: they administer justice by the application and interpretation of the law. They provide services on behalf of every citizen according to the provisions established by the constitution. They also enforce the laws according to the territory and jurisdiction these criminal offenses are committed. And lastly, they have the power to punish offenders or try to rehabilitate them for release back to society as well as to preserve the rights of all victims. Appendix A NY Court Structure | | | | Source: Court Structure (2004). Appendix B Source: Abadinsky, H. (2008). References Abadinsky, H. (2008). Law and Justice. An Introduction to the American Legal System, Sixth Edition. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Retrieved from, University of Phoenix E-book website. Adler, F. , Mueller, G. O. Lawfer, W. S. , (2009). Criminal Justice: An introduction [5 ed. ]. Boston: IL. Retrieved from University of Phoenix rEsource website. Court Structure. (2004). New York State Unified Court System. Retrieved from http://www. nycourts. gov/courts/structure. shtml Lieberman, J. K. (2004). Courts in the United States. Retrieved from Microsoft EncartaEncyclopedia Standard. Worrall, J. L. (2007). Criminal Procedure: From First Contact to Appeal. Retrieved from http://www. rioverdeuniversity. org/lcpTextbook. htm.

The Novel Oliver Twist Essay Example For Students

The Novel Oliver Twist Essay Oliver Twist, perhaps Charles Dickens most famous book, was written by the Portsmouth-born author in 1838, a time of turbulent change in Britain, with industrialisation creating both new heights of wealth and new depths of poverty. While the upper classes lavished in their newfound riches, the poor languished in squalor. Oliver, Dickens unfortunate hero, is born into a world of workhouses, child labour and children being forced into a life of crime by severe poverty. The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 demonstrates some of the callous attitude towards the poor; it was stipulated that conditions in workhouses should be made so awful that even those facing starvation might think twice about going there. Similar conditions in France, however, had led to the French Revolution at the turn of the century, and the upper classes feared a similar uprising in Britain. So they further oppressed the poor, and ended any dissenting with force. We will write a custom essay on The Novel Oliver Twist specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Charles Dickens wrote this book to bring the plight of the poor to the public attention. The first chapter of Oliver Twist describes his birth at the workhouse, almost immediately after which he is orphaned by the death of his mother and the absence of his father. As Oliver struggles to take his first breath, Dickens describes the office of respiration, with irony, as a troublesome practice. Describing something so necessary to survival with such indifference implies that the authorities didnt much care whether or not they practiced it or not, and in actuality found the fact that they did troublesome. On the final page of the chapter, Dickens describes the nurse dressing Oliver in rags, and how this instantly transforms him into a lower class child, whereas before it would have been hard for even the haughtiest stranger to assign him his proper place in society. I think that this may be Dickens showing that he believed that all children were born equal, and that any differences were material or financial. The beginning of chapter two describes the authorities trying to find a place for Oliver to go. The use of such phrases as inquired with dignity and magnanimously resolved highlights the detachment between the classes and shows that the well off are more concerned with maintaining their dignity than helping the poor. The chapter goes on to describe the way in which Mrs Mann steals money from the allowance for the childrens food- she knew what was good for the children; and she had a very accurate perception of what was good for herself. It is compared with the story of the horse, to which the owner gives just one piece of straw a day, and feels sure that it would be a great horse had it not died. This is a metaphor for the attitude of the authorities.

Analyzing a web page Essays - Community Websites, Free Essays

Analyzing a web page Essays - Community Websites, Free Essays Analyzing a web page Technology is constantly expanding and making it easier and more convenient to communicate and network with individuals and various organizations that we may not otherwise of had the opportunity to connect with. One area of technology that is growing at a fast rate and offering individuals and businesses, rather it be their professional life or personal the opportunity to make lasting connections is social networking sites. Social networking has become an excellent tool for businesses and individuals to connect and share information that can prove vital to their business. Sites like Facebook and LinkedIn are becoming popular and are an effective way to grow your business whether it is through networking with similar organizations and getting beneficial information from them or expanding your cliental by reaching out to those who may need or want your services. LinkedIn has become a vital tool used by the working professional, assisting them with making connections or linking up with other working professional to share what work and what doesnt work as well as connecting them with local or online support groups or networking groups. Members of LinkedIn are able to create a profile that gives a detail list of their educational background as well as their work experience. Users are able to browse the social networking site to view the profiles of other individuals, organizations, or companies within their field and follow the organization of choice and their postings. My ultimate dream is to create a nonprofit organization that is geared toward targeting at risk youth and their families. The whole concept is to help the whole family and not just focus your attention on the youth that may be having emotional or behavioral issues but offer mental and emotional support for the entire family, implementing various programs and workshops that will assist the entire family in growing, working, and playing together. Networking sites like LinkedIn can prove to be vital as I take the steps necessary to make this dream a reality. As I was browsing through the site I came across a few groups in my local area that met up monthly for lunch to discuss the ideas and challenges of those looking to start a nonprofit. I also took the time to search for companies or organizations that were geared toward working with and advocating for children. I was really quite excited to be able to look at their profile, view their web pages and doing so helped me to get some ide as and get my juices flowing. I have considered making connections with the various organizations I have seen on LinkedIn in hope that they could link me to information, people, and training opportunities that could possibly put me one step closer to my dream. I am also interested in going to the next luncheon for nonprofit communicators in Raleigh just to get feedback regarding my idea and you never know someone at one of these luncheons could either help me get closer to making my dream a reality or can link me to an individual or organization who can. I have found sites such as LinkedIn can prove to be extremely beneficial in making lasting connections within the business community and it gives those with businesses the opportunity to link up with other businesses to get feedback, advice, and possibly connect you with someone who can help you take your organization or company to the next level. This site also enables professionals to come together with the common ground of helping and motivating each other. Within the human service field this site can connect you to so many resources that can only assist in providing your clients with the ultimate experience. Having a site where human service workers from all fields and from all areas can come together online and share their experience, advice, and resources can prove to be helpful to the community as a whole. LinkedIn not only connect likeminded people but it offers an opportunity to share information regarding training and workshops that could assist organizations in staying up to date with the latest software and/or regulations. Such training and workshops can keep your organization competitive and allows you to offer your clients the best possible service.

Homemade Shampoo From Scratch

Homemade Shampoo From Scratch There are a lot of reasons why you might want to make your own shampoo from scratch. The big two probably are wanting to avoid the chemicals in commercial shampoos by controlling the ingredients, and wanting to save a few bucks by making it yourself. Back in ye olden days, shampoo was soap with additional moisturizers so that it didnt strip the natural oils from your scalp and hair. Although you can make shampoos that are dry or solid, it is easier to use if there is enough water to make a gel or liquid. Shampoos tend to be acidic because if the pH gets too high (alkaline) the sulfur bridges in the hair keratin can break, causing damage that no detangler could repair. This recipe for making your own gentle shampoo is chemically a liquid soap, except vegetable-based (many soaps use animal fat) and with alcohol and glycerin added during the process. Make it in a well-ventilated room or outdoors and be sure to read all of the safety precautions on the ingredients. Ingredients 5 1/4 cups of olive oil2 7/8 cups of solid-type vegetable shortening2 cups of coconut oil1 1/4 cups of lye (sodium hydroxide)4 cups water3 tablespoons glycerin  (glycerol)1 tablespoon vodka (or another food-quality ethanol, but do not use methanol)3 tablespoons castor oilOptional: Essential oils like peppermint, rosemary, or lavender for fragrance and therapeutic properties Directions In a large pan, mix together the olive oil, shortening, and coconut oil.In a well-ventilated area, preferably wearing gloves and eye protection in case of accidents, mix the lye and water. Use a glass or enameled container. This is an exothermic reaction, so heat will be produced.Warm the oils to 95 F to 98 F and allow the lye solution to cool to the same temperature. One of the easiest ways to accomplish this is to set both containers into a large sink or pan full of water that is at the correct temperature.When both mixtures are at the proper temperature, stir the lye solution into the oils. The mixture will turn opaque and may darken.When the mixture has a creamy texture, stir in the glycerine, alcohol, castor oil, and any fragrance oils or colorants.You have a couple of options here. You can pour the shampoo into soap molds and allow it to harden. To use this shampoo, either lather it with your hands and work it into your hair or else shave flakes into hot water to liquefy it.The other option is to make liquid shampoo, which involves adding more water to your shampoo mixture and bottling it. You may have noticed that many shampoos are pearlescent. You can make your homemade shampoo glittery by adding glycol distearate, which is a natural wax derived from stearic acid. The tiny wax particles reflect light, causing the effect.

Cellular respiration and fermentation Lab Report - 1

Cellular respiration and fermentation - Lab Report Example The key materials used are the following: 10 percent sucrose solution; 10 percent glucose solution; peas; distilled water; phenol red; yeast stock; wax pencil; water bath; hot plate; test tubes of various sizes; beaker; test tube corks and holders; test tube rack. The idea behind the test tubes of varying sizes is to create a respirometer using two sizes of test tubes, for the experiment involving the yeasts. A practice session involves filling the smaller tube, measuring 15 x 125 mm with water, placing that inside a 20x150 mm test tube, and inverting to the point where the air bubble in the smaller test tube is as small as can be made from the process. In the actual experiment, three different test tubes are filled with two thirds of either ten percent sucrose solution, ten percent glucose solution, or distilled water, and then topped off to the brim with yeast suspension. The inversion method practiced above is utilized to mix the solutions and form the respirometers. The respirometers are allowed to incubate for one hour, while placed in a water bath set at 37 degrees Celsius. The gas bubble heights are measured after the period of incubation. The idea is to be able to undertake a comparison of how the three sources of food in the test tub e compare with regard to their suitability as food for yeast. This is the first part of the experiment (Experiment 7 n.d., pp. 59-61). In part two of the experiment., 10 peas that were either soaked, not soaked, and soaked and boiled were placed in each of three different test tubes, fulled with water up to the two-thirds level, and covered with corks. After an hour and a half, two drops of phenol red were placed in each of the three test tubes containing the seeds, more when no color was visible or the color is too vague/thin. The results of the color observations were tabulated. (Experiment 7 n.d., pp. 59-61) The first part of the experiment measured the amount of respiration from the

Diplomatic Challenges of the Arabian Peninsula Case Study

Diplomatic Challenges of the Arabian Peninsula - Case Study Example In addition, Bahrain has come to be recognized as one of the most politically influential states in the Middle Eastern region and it is predicted that it is going to be one of the most influential states in the world in the near future. The influence gained by this kingdom in the region is largely based on the fact that it is an ally of the western powers namely Britain and the United States, and this has created a situation where it has been able to host the naval fleets of these two countries (Radsch, 2013). In fact, it is because of its strategic importance in the Persian Gulf region that Bahrain has come to be considered by western countries, such as the United States, as being one of their most valuable allies. This consideration has made this island kingdom, which would normally have been just another weak state in the region, confident in its development since it is protected from external threats through the presence of a naval fleet of the United States. The fact that Bahrai n is among the most stable states in the Persian Gulf region and that it is one of the staunchest allies of the United States has made it most attractive to both potential investors as well as economic planners from already developed countries who are attempting to have a stake in the future of Bahrain. While this has been the case, it has been observed that the kingdom of Bahrain has continuously attempted to remain independent of outside political influence, especially in recent times when it has resisted attempts to allow for democratic reforms within it and it has instead opted to make its own influence felt in the region. Despite the fact that Bahrain is one of the emerging... The popular opinion in many countries in the west is that Bahrain is an authoritarian state whose people do not have the political freedom to determine their own destiny. In addition, because it is in the Middle East, the common perception in the west is that this authoritarianism is based on the Islamic religion. While this is the case, most of the individuals in this country are surprisingly very liberal in matters concerning religion and they only appear to be fanatical because of the stereotype that ha been developed concerning Middle Easterners. The royal family of Bahrain is a Sunni dynasty ruling over a majority population of Shia Muslims, which has created a situation where there is a lot of tension in the country. The fact that the royal family is still in power can be attributed to the efforts of diplomacy that it has managed to undertake to secure itself from the threats against from within. it is a fact that the people of Bahrain do not always follow the lead set by Iran on religious matters and in fact, very few people in Bahrain share the same religious point of view as that which is propagated by the religious establishment of Iran. This has created a situation where they are extremely conscious of their identity as Arabs first before being Shia Muslims.

Social Media Essay Example for Free

Social Media Essay Even though what credibility issues can arise from information found on the internet, advantages and disadvantages of social media because advantages and disadvantages of obtaining information though social media and how might these advantages and disadvantages alter how a person might use social media. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media Some advantages of social media are that it is a unlimited ways of keeping up with what is going on in today culture. For example a person can be living under a rock all there life and stay on the internet and can know what is going on in the world though social media, weather it is the latest music, movies, clothing trend, news etc. Though social media a person can have a best friend that they never even met before. Social networking can provide opportunities for new relationships as well as strengthening existing relationships whether your friends are close to home or across the world. It is good to have positive relationships through various ways that include the internet. Read more:Â  Advantages and disadvantages of social media essay Some disadvantages of social media can stem from anything like cyber bulling, child predators, false information about something or someone. Although that internet can be very positive it can also be very negative. For example I remember back in about 2007 in my home town of Baltimore Md. there was a big thing all over the news about a man that was called The Myspace Killer. This man met a woman over a social media network and got the woman to meet him and end up killing her and leaving her on the side of the road. So again I say the social media can also be very dangerous. To all the parents out there please know what your kids are doing or into when they are on the internet. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Obtaining Information Some advantages of easily obtaining information on the internet is that, anything a person needs to know is just a click away. In other words if there is anything a person needs to know about anything all the person has to do is type it in the computer and everything about that subject will come up. Some disadvantages of easily obtaining information on the internet is just what it is easy. In other words it is a disadvantage to be able to just type a subject in the computer and get the answer for anything. That word make it to easy for a student needing to really learn something, the internet is doing everything for that person. I feel like that is a big disadvantage for the up and coming youth of today, things are to easily obtainable. Knowing these advantages and disadvantages might alter a person using the social media by making that person more cautious on what actions that person is taking while using the internet and also if that person have kids it would make that parent more cautious about what there kids are learning and seeing on the internet. An example of a creditable issue that can arise from information found on the internet is that approximately 104 million American adults have access to the internet. Of these, there are slightly more females(51%) on the internet than males(49%), of both high and low socioeconomic status (Matthew S. Eastin, School of Journalism, Ohio State University). Conclusion In conclusion while what credibility issues can arise from information found on the internet there are many advantages and disadvantages of social media. This paper just touched on some of them. References Stephen, Andrew T.; Galak, Jeff. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR). Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p624-639. 16p. 7 Charts, 2 Graphs. Agnihotri, Raj; Kothandaraman, Prabakar; Kashyap, Rajiv; Singh, Ramendra. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management. Summer2012, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p333-348. 16p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart Andzulis, James Mick; Panagopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Rapp, Adam. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management. Summer2012, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p305-316. 12p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart. .

The Neurobiology of Fear: Emotional Memory and Post-Traumatic Stress Di

The Neurobiology of Fear: Emotional Memory and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder For survivors of traumatic events, the trauma itself is often only the beginning. While some are relatively unaffected, many others will develop post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, an affliction that haunts its victims with terrifying memories, nightmares, and panic attacks. (For a comprehensive list of symptoms and diagnostic criteria, the reader may refer to the DSM-IV, relevant portions of which may be found online (7).) The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that 3.6 percent of Americans between the ages of 18 and 54 suffer from PTSD; 30 percent of those who have spent time in war zones - one million veterans of Vietnam alone - are affected (6). PTSD is treated with several forms of psychotherapy, including exposure therapy, centered around a controlled confrontation of frightening stimuli. While medication may treat co-occurring depression, anxiety, or insomnia (6), pharmacological agents targeting PTSD remain unavailable. In part, this is because researchers hav e only begun to describe the underlying neurobiology. Several recent studies have pointed to the brain structure known as the amygdala as a central player, but questions remain: How does this small structure "recognize" danger? How does it create emotional memories? What causes recurrence of these memories? Answers to these questions are complex and incomplete. As an anxiety disorder, PTSD has its foundations in fear and "emotional memory." Like factual memory, emotional memory also involves the storage and recall of events and details; this has been termed the explicit or conscious memory (2). Emotional memory, though, has a second, distinct component. This facet, t... ...ing, from Stephen Maren's Emotion and Memory Systems Laboratory at the University of Michigan. http://maren1.psych.lsa.umich.edu/Models.html 4)Summary of Research at Stephen Maren's Emotion and Memory Systems Laboratory at the University of Michigan. http://maren1.psych.lsa.umich.edu/Research.html 5)Anxiety Disorders Treatment Target: Amygdala Circuitry, from the National Institute of Mental Health. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/events/pranxst.cfm 6)Facts About Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, from the National Institute of Mental Health. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/anxiety/ptsdfacts.cfm 7)PTSD Diagnostic Criteria from the DSM-IV, from Bully Online, a service of the United Kingdom National Workplace Bullying Advice Line. http://www.successunlimited.co.uk/PTSD/ 8)Building a Brainier Mouse. Zsien, Joe T. 2000. Scientific American http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm

Ottomans Versus the Safavids

Many empires of Middle East civilizations have had strong political and social structures. Two of these empires are the Ottomans and the Safavids. The rise of the Ottomans correlates with the decline of the Roman Empire, which generated the shift in power from a singular Christian European society to a more Islamic influence. The Ottoman people became powerful in Asia Minor, which collapsed as a Seljuk Turk Kingdom, in the 13th to 14th centuries. The Safavids rose to power following the collapse of the Turkic Empire and invasion of the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries. Although the Safavids had advanced political and social systems, the Ottoman empire had more efficient political and social methods. The Ottomans and the Safavids both had strong features to their political systems. The Ottomans controlled using a strong military, use of weapons, and an extensive bureaucracy. Their empire was known to be geared for warfare. The Ottoman empire had strong governmental power. They ruled in their center of Constantinople, which the Ottomans built defense walls around, aqueducts in, and was where they opened their markets. Absolute power was granted to their Sultans, such as Suleymon the Magnificent. Another unique political factor of the Ottomans was their use of Janissaries. Janissaries were Ottoman infantry divisions that were made up of boys that were legally slaves that were captured and forced to fight. They were extremely strong and beneficial to the Ottomans. The Safavids ruled under the control of a Shah, or emperor. Some of these Shahs were Abbas the Great, Tahmasp I, and Isma’il. A large part of the Safavid political control was their followers who were given the nickname â€Å"Redheads† due to their red headgear. Similar to the Ottomans, the Safavid also had one especially great leader who led the empire to good times and success. This Shah was Abbas The Great, who, like Ottoman janissaries, captured boys from southern Russia for the military and created a grand and powerful army. There were many differences between these empires because the two empires tended to stay separate from each other. When the Ottomans went to advance into the Safavid territory they had to retreat because it was too far away from the supply areas that the Ottomans survived off of. Due to this and other reasons the two seemed the stay separate and just pay attention to other areas and what they could do to better their empires individually. The social life of the two empires were similar in some ways and not at all similar in others. The trade of the Safavid was also more advanced. There were roads built and workshops made during the time of the Safavids. The Ottomans had more religious tolerance than the Safavids did. These two societies for women were very similar. In both of these empires many women in the Islamic heartlands struggled against social restrictions in dress and confinement. In both of the empires, the women were politically weak. They had little to no power over the decisions and politics of the empires. They were meant to be loyal to men and to be veiled. Both of these empires captured boys for their militaries. These men were considered slaves with few social rights, although they did have more then women. Even though the Safavids had many strong ideas on the correct political and social way to run their empire, the Ottoman empire had more efficient and advanced methods. The Ottomans used more warfare than the Safavids. But, the rights of women were the same in both empires. The Ottomans and the Safavids were both strong political empires of their time, with improved and efficient political and social systems.

Multicultural Education versus the Common Culture

Modernized education particularly makes it possible for every individual to develop as a fine individual that he ought to be. As a primary part of the society, each individual is entitled to an education that is made to give him the needed knowledge that he ought to receive for him to have a better outlook on life.   Certainly, education’s main aim is to create a possibility for each individual to develop as a fine member of the human society. The common set-up of education has been originated from the local-based teaching and learning process. The students are taught by their teachers in a classroom with which the students belong to one race and are mostly having the same situation in an economic perspective. However, the common culture in providing education to the younger generation of each civilization already changed with the introduction of the new technologies and the modern system of economy as suggested by the global trade. Through the aims of economists to create a global market of people who are interconnected for the sake of the advancement of global economy, the introduction of modern technological communication devices were also made possible. The creation of network connections through the utilization of Internet has been a primary result of the said globalization movement. On the other face of the situation, it could be observed that another result of the said movement towards economic liberalization is that there are numerous immigrants who opt to transfer places or even countries to be able to cope up with the major changes in the society especially with regards the economic progress. As a result, several classrooms around the world are subjected to assisting students from different cultures, different races that are also having their own individual capabilities as per based form the race that they primarily belong to. Aside form this, the primary subjects that used to be the only topics that are discussed within the four walls of the classroom increased and were added up with particular social issues that mainly concerns the multi-racial classes that they handle. For this reason, this paper shall discuss the ethical issues, the educational problems and the teaching adjustments that are taken by educators in presenting their lessons to their classes. By doing so, the author of this paper then aims to particularly address the issues brought about by modernization towards the common culture that used to be the basis of knowledge enhancement during the past decades of human society. The importance of education in the human society has mainly made it a reason of debate among education enthusiasts and experts who are concerned on which type of education is actually more efficient for the society; common culture education or the multicultural education, which is currently a trend in the field of education. To know both sides of the argument, knowing what the both ids of the debate pertain to, would help much in the clearing of the issue. What is the Common Culture all about? Mostly, traditional educational institutions plainly deal with the outlined lessons that are supposed to be taught to the students. This includes subjects such as Mathematics, Language, Science, Crafts or Home Economics and History. These particular subjects are taught to a group of students who are coming from the same race and are having a common ground. Hence, the focus of the education is more on providing the students with the necessary knowledge that they need to incur for better individual developments rather than focusing on the social involvement of the young learners. It is by the outlined pattern of teaching common education that only the essential factors of life are taught to the students within the classrooms. While on the other hand, the social current events are to be learned by the students on their own way as it is pictured as a common responsibility of humans as major parts of the society. According to those who takes side in this part of the issue, common education helps the students understand the lessons fully since they are asked to focus only on the most essential factors of education that they need to know which are believed to have a great impact upon their lives later on. (Mayor, 1992, 13) Furthermore, the arguments pertain to the fact that teachers who are commissioned to teach only based on common culture education have a greater capability of addressing to their subjects more closely because they are less pressured to see to it that the students are also able to grasp the other subjects that are added up in multicultural education. (Cortes, 1976, 45) The Nature of Multicultural Education Because of the globalization movement that is presently adapted to by different countries around the world, immigration has become a common trend especially among entrepreneurs and other workers who find better lives in living abroad. As a result, education too has taken a new face of development. Because of the said advancements, the situation within classrooms became a mixture of students from different races trying to cope up with the subjects that are taught to them in a different setting as compared to their original locality’s traditional practice of teaching and educating students. To support this particular fact, the following report pertains to the fact that immigration is a great cause of social divisibility: â€Å"Most new immigrants to the United States are coming from Spanish speaking Latin American nations and from Asia rather than from Europe. Between 1981 and 1990, 87% of the legal immigrants to the United States came from non-European nations while 10% came from Europe. Most Asian immigrants came from China, Korea, the Philippines, and India while Mexico and nations in the Caribbean were leading sources of immigrants from the Americas.† (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1994). True, many students in the United States alone came from different races around the world. Hence, to be able to create a common ground among the students, the inculcation of social studies within the curriculum is then realized to be among the most effective practice of teaching culturally divided students. As a result, Baker’s study on the issue has the following findings: â€Å"Teachers currently find themselves adrift in a seemingly endless sea of school reform literature and policies. Moreover, the often acrimonious, and increasingly politicized public debates about educational issues (phonics versus whole language, immersion versus English as a second language, basic skills versus problem solving)†¦ these practitioners face additional challenges, including poverty, violence, overcrowding, and huge bureaucracies, which drain precious energy from the primary goal of opening students’ minds.† (Baker, 97, Internet) From the findings cited above, it could be noticed that one of the particular results of the said adaptation to multicultural-based learning is the stress that is placed upon the teachers and the students. In addition, the subjects are doubled and thus more works and research are supposed to be completed, especially focusing upon social events that are currently reported. Certainly, these situations within the classrooms makes it hard for the educators and the learners to grasp as much as their minds could with the bundle of responsibilities that are required to them for learning their multi-cultural based subjects. In a more concise discussion, it could be observed that multicultural education simply aims to attend to the needs of the students of the present generation. Since globalization caused immigrants to fly to different countries abroad, attending to their needs as students is also essential for social development. The Ethical Issues Although the created curriculum for international classes are designed to help the students understand humanity as a whole and not as an individual race, it could not be denied that these particular subjects raise the questions of discrimination between the students. Most often than not, its either superiority or inferiority that the students feel towards their own race when they are given the chance to join international classes. Actually, the creation of international learning classes aims to open up the minds of the students to the fact that they are of a great importance to a growing society of a developed human civilization. This is the reason why it is necessary to address ethics within the subjects that are taught in classrooms. This is because of the fact that the lessons may address several issues on the connection of culture towards the particular ethical practices of the society. The educators should carefully address this while assisting their students understands the lessons that they ought to grasp. To be able to avoid being subjected to particular issues of ethics and problems alike, it is suggested that the students are taught about cultural equality starting from their pre-school years. â€Å"Young children can develop stereotypic viewpoints of cultures different from their own when similarities among all individuals are not emphasized. Teachers can help eliminate stereotypes by presenting material and activities that enable children to learn the similarities of all individuals. Circle time is particularly helpful in this respect, as it provides children with a feeling of group identity and introduces them to the variety of cultures represented in the class (Dixon and Fraser, 1986). This suggestion would actually work if the students are made to realize that discrimination is a social sickness that keeps the human civilization form progressing to the best possibilities that they could be, making their differences work for the sake of social development. The Involvement of Technology Technology has a great role in providing students from different countries the education that they need to know through the utilization of the Internet. People from all over the world are able to access education within the convenience that they are satisfied with. A part of this particular educational innovation with the integration of teaching and technology, it has been possible for this particular educational set up to host cultural crossover among students. It is through this particular advancement that students are able to learn about their classmates’ cultural background in a broader view of their importance in the society. It is by this process that the students are given a chance to see others in a more balanced way. Conclusion Education is a provision given to everyone. Not a single person should be denied of this provision whatever race he may come from. People from over the world are making several progresses pertaining to becoming globally connected to each other. The cultural crossover as a result of the globalization movement should then be used for the betterment of the entire human society. Through education and accurate knowledge of others’ worth to the society, the social issues and the ethical questions that are raised because of the differences of the races from each other could be gradually eliminated. Yes, education itself is the key to a more peaceful, progressive society that has particularly burst-out from a multicultural society. BIBLIOGRAPHY Dixon, G.T. & Fraser, S. (1986). â€Å"Teaching Preschoolers in a Multilingual Classroom.† CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, 62, 4, 272-275. U.S. Bureau of the Census (1994). Statistical Abstract of the United States (114th ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Cortes, Metcalf and Hawke (1976). Understanding You and Them: Tips for Teaching About Ethnicity. Bolder Colorado: ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies Education and Social Science Education Consortium. Gill, D., Mayor, B., & Blair, M. (Eds.) (1992). Racism and Education: Structures and Strategies. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Hanvey, Robert G. (1978). An Attainable Global Perspective. Next Steps in Global Education: A Handbook For Curriculum Development, ed. William Kniep. New York: The American Forum. Internet Sources: Frederick J. Baker. (1999). Multicultural Versus Global Education: Why Not Two Sides of the Same Coin? http://www.csupomona.edu/~jis/1999/baker.pdf. (April 9, 2007).

Lieutenant General A.P. Hill in the Civil War

Lieutenant General A.P. Hill in the Civil War Born November 29, 1825, at his family plantation near Culpeper, VA, Ambrose Powell Hill was the son of Thomas and Frances Hill. The seventh and final of the couples children, he was named for his uncle Ambrose Powell   Hill (1785-1858) and Indian fighter Captain Ambrose Powell.   Referred to as Powell by his family, he was educated locally during his early years. At age 17, Hill elected to pursue a military career and received an appointment to West Point in 1842.   West Point Arriving at the academy, Hill became close friends with his roommate, George B. McClellan. A middling student, Hill was known for his preference for having a good time rather than academic pursuits. In 1844, his studies were interrupted after a night of youthful indiscretions in New York City. Contracting gonorrhea, he was admitted to the academy hospital, but failed to improve dramatically. Sent home to recover, he would be plagued by the effects of the disease for the remainder of his life, usually in the form of prostatitis. As a result of his health issues, Hill was held back a year at West Point and did not graduate with his classmates in 1846, which included notables such as Thomas Jackson, George Pickett, John Gibbon, and Jesse Reno. Dropping into the Class of 1847, he soon befriended Ambrose Burnside and Henry Heth. Graduating on June 19, 1847, Hill ranked 15th in a class of 38. Commissioned a second lieutenant, he received orders to join the 1st US Artillery which was engaged in the Mexican-American War. Mexico Antebellum Years Arriving in Mexico, Hill saw little action as the bulk of the fighting had finished. During his time there he suffered from a bout of typhoid fever. Returning north, he received a posting to Fort McHenry in 1848. The following year saw him assigned to Florida to aid in fighting the Seminoles. Hill spent the majority of the next six years in Florida with a brief interlude in Texas. During this time, he was promoted to first lieutenant in September 1851. Serving in an unhealthy climate, Hill contracted yellow fever in 1855. Surviving, he received a transfer to Washington, DC to work with the US Coast Survey. While there, he married Kitty Morgan McClung in 1859. This marriage made him brother-in-law to John Hunt Morgan. The marriage came after a failed pursuit of Ellen B. Marcy, daughter of Captain Randolph B. Marcy. She would later marry Hills former roommate McClellan. This would later lead to rumors that Hill fought harder if he thought McClellan was on the opposing side. The Civil War Begins On March 1, with the Civil War looming, Hill resigned his commission in the US Army. When Virginia left the Union the following month, Hill received command of the 13th Virginia Infantry with the rank of colonel. Assigned to Brigadier General Joseph Johnstons Army of the Shenandoah, the regiment arrived  at the First Battle of Bull Run that July but did not see action as it was assigned to guard Manassas Junction on the Confederate right flank. After service in the Romney Campaign, Hill received a promotion to brigadier general on February 26, 1862, and was given command of the brigade formerly belonging to Major General James Longstreet. The Light Division Serving gallantly during the Battle of Williamsburg and the Peninsula Campaign in the spring of 1862, he was promoted to major general on May 26. Taking command of the Light Division in Longstreets wing of General Robert E. Lees army, Hill saw substantial action against his friend McClellans army during the Seven Days Battles in June/July. Falling out with Longstreet, Hill and his division were transferred to serve under his former classmate Jackson. Hill quickly became one of Jacksons most reliable commanders and fought well at Cedar Mountain (August 9) and played a key role at Second Manassas (August 28-30). Marching north as part of Lees invasion of Maryland, Hill began bickering with Jackson. Capturing the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry on September 15, Hill and his division were left to parole the prisoners while Jackson moved to rejoin Lee. Completing this task, Hill and his men departed and reached the army on September 17 in time to play a key role in saving the Confederate right flank at the Battle of Antietam. Retreating south, Jackson and Hills relationship continued to deteriorate. Third Corps A colorful character, Hill typically wore a red flannel shirt in combat which became known as his battle shirt. Taking part in the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, Hill performed poorly and his men required reinforcement to prevent a collapse. With the renewal of campaigning in May 1863, Hill took part in Jacksons brilliant flanking march and attack on May 2 at the Battle of Chancellorsville. When Jackson was wounded, Hill took over the corps before being wounded in the legs and being forced to cede commander to Major General J.E.B. Stuart. Gettysburg With Jacksons death on May 10, Lee began to reorganize the Army of Northern Virginia. In doing so, he promoted Hill to lieutenant general on May 24 and gave him command of the newly formed Third Corps. In the wake of the victory, Lee marched north into Pennsylvania. On July 1, Hills men opened the Battle of Gettysburg when they clashed with Brigadier General John Bufords Union cavalry. Successfully driving back Union forces in concert with Lieutenant General Richard Ewells corps, Hills men took heavy losses. Largely inactive on July 2, Hills corps contributed two-thirds of the troops involved in the ill-fated Picketts Charge the next day. Attacking under the leadership of Longstreet, Hills men advanced on the Confederate left and were bloodily repulsed. Retreating to Virginia, Hill endured perhaps his worst day in command on October 14 when he was badly defeated at the Battle of Bristoe Station.   Overland Campaign In May 1864, Lieutenant Ulysses S. Grant commenced his Overland Campaign against Lee. At the Battle of the Wilderness, Hill came under heavy Union assault on May 5. The next day, Union troops renewed their attack and nearly shattered Hills lines when Longstreet arrived with reinforcements. While fighting shifted south to Spotsylvania Court House, Hill was forced to cede command due to ill health. Though traveling with the army, he played no part in the battle. Returning to action, he performed poorly at North Anna (May 23-26) and at Cold Harbor (May 31-June 12). After the Confederate victory at Cold Harbor, Grant moved to cross the James River and capture Petersburg. Beaten there by Confederate forces, he began the Siege of Petersburg. Petersburg Settling into the siege lines at Petersburg, Hills command turned back Union troops at the Battle of the Crater and engaged Grants men several times as they worked to push troops south and west to cut the citys rail links. Though commanding at Globe Tavern (August 18-21), Second Reams Station (August 25), and Peebles Farm (September 30-October 2), his health began to deteriorate again and his missed actions such as Boydton Plank Road (October 27-28). As the armies settled into winter quarters in November, Hill continued to struggle with his health. On April 1, 1865, Union troops under Major General Philip Sheridan won the key Battle of Five Forks west of Petersburg. The next day, Grant ordered a massive offensive against Lees overstretched lines in front of the city. Surging forward, Major General Horatio Wrights VI Corps overwhelmed Hills troops. Riding to the front, Hill encountered Union troops and was shot in the chest by Corporal John W. Mauck of the 138th Pennsylvania Infantry. Initially buried in Chesterfield, VA, his body was exhumed in 1867 and moved to Richmonds Hollywood Cemetery.

Cundo es posible trabajar con visa F-1 de estudiante

Cundo es posible trabajar con visa F-1 de estudiante Estudiar en los Estados Unidos es caro, por eso para los estudiantes internacionales con una visa F-1 es importante saber quà © opciones tienen para trabajar legalmente y asà ­ sufragar parte de sus gastos. En este artà ­culo, adems de explicar los requisitos para las 4 opciones de trabajo se hace referencia a otras opciones para obtener ayuda econà ³mica. Y al final se mencionan opciones migratorias que permiten quedarse al finalizar los estudios y tambià ©n quà © error no se debe hacer ya que puede salir muy caro. Trabajar con una visa F-1 de estudiante dentro del campus La primera opcià ³n para trabajar se presenta en el mismo lugar donde se est estudiando. Y es que los  estudiantes con una F-1 que està ©n estudiando a tiempo completo pueden trabajar siguiendo estas reglas: Tiempo:  trabajar un mximo de 20 horas semanales, excepto en vacaciones que pueden trabajar a tiempo completo Lugar: en campus significa eso pero tambià ©n admite que sea fuera, siempre y cuando el empleador sea una institucià ³n que tiene una relacià ³n de afiliacià ³n con la universidad o college, seminario, conservatorio, en el que el estudiante cursa sus estudios. Por ejemplo, otra universidad o un laboratorio. Tipo: el trabajo que se desempeà ±a tiene que estar relacionado de algà ºn modo con servicio a estudiantes. Por ejemplo, trabajo en bibliotecas, librerà ­as, etc. Permiso: tiene que contarse con la autorizacià ³n previa del Oficial Designado en la Escuela (DSO, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Cundo: comenzarse a trabajar hasta 30 dà ­as antes de comenzar el programa acadà ©mico. Pero una vez que à ©ste finaliza, asà ­ debe ocurrir con el empleo. La excepcià ³n son los casos en los que se cambia de programa.   Trabajar fuera del campus con una visa F-1 por necesidad econà ³mica En este caso es necesario cumplir con un mayor nà ºmero de requerimientos, como: Tener un estatus vlido de estudianteEstar cursando a tiempo completoLlevar al menos un aà ±o acadà ©mico completo con la visa F-1 Necesidad econà ³mica urgente en casos como pà ©rdida sin culpa de puesto de empleo en el campus, cambios en la cotizacià ³n de la divisa del paà ­s del estudiante, facturas mà ©dicas, pà ©rdida de la ayuda financiera u otros gastos inesperados. Si se da alguno de esos casos y no es posible encontrar empleo dentro del campus, el estudiante debe dirigirse al Oficial Designado en la Escuela (DSO, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) para que este comunique la situacià ³n a las autoridades migratorias mediante el sistema SEVIS. Asimismo, el DSO proporcionar una certificacià ³n que debe enviarse al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) junto con la planilla I-765 y el pago de la cuota correspondiente para obtener asà ­ un permiso de trabajo. Es conveniente incluir todo tipo de documentacià ³n que sirva de apoyo a la razà ³n que se alega para solicitar ese permiso, (en inglà ©s. Este es un modelo de carta para certifica la traduccià ³n). Entrenamiento prctico curricular (CPT, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) Se trata de prcticas pagadas que tienen que estar relacionadas con el grado que cursa el estudiante. Tienen que estar aprobadas por el DSO.   Pueden ser a tiempo parcial (menos de 20 horas a la semana), o, en à ©poca de vacaciones a tiempo completo (ms de 20 horas semanales). Hay que tener en cuenta que si a lo largo de sus estudios el estudiante completa ms de un aà ±o CPT a tiempo completo, al licenciarse (egresado) no podr disfrutar de un OPT. Entrenamiento prctico opcional (OPT, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) Se puede realizar durante los estudios de licenciatura, maestrà ­a o doctorado o al  finalizar los mismos.  Estas  son las reglas  para la OPT. El permiso de trabajo en este caso tiene una duracià ³n mxima de 1 aà ±os, si bien en ciertos campos relacionados con las Ciencias y la Tecnologà ­a se puede prorrogar hasta los 17 meses. A tener en cuenta cuando se trabaja Si se trabaja, el DSO proporcionar la documentacià ³n necesaria para solicitar una tarjeta del Nà ºmero del Seguro Social. Al trabajar, hay que reportar los ingresos y, en su caso, pagar impuestos. Si se trabaja sin permiso, eso es una violacià ³n migratoria, que puede tener consecuencias muy serias. Caminos para quedarse en USA trabajando al finalizar los estudios universitarios La mayorà ­a de los estudiantes internacionales regresan a sus paà ­ses de origen. Pero un buen nà ºmero se quedan, al menos temporalmente, al lograr obtener una visa de trabajo, generalmente una H-1B para profesionales, siendo muy solicitadas por los profesionales en el sector tecnolà ³gico. Si bien no son las à ºnicas visas de trabajo disponibles. Adems, en el caso de mexicanos, hay que destacar las visas TN para profesionales, que abren puertas sin tener los inconvenientes de cupo mximo de las H-1B que en la mayorà ­a de los casos dejan sin anualmente a miles de candidatos con patrocinador. Asimismo, tambià ©n es posible conseguir una tarjeta de residencia (green card) ya que las empresas pueden patrocinar por razà ³n de trabajo. Estas son las empresas que ms trabajadores esponsorizan. Finalmente, tambià ©n es posible quedarse en Estados Unidos en casos de ajuste de estatus por matrimonio o similares. Cà ³mo conseguir dinero para pagar por los estudios en Estados Unidos El camino ms transitado por los estudiantes es el de buscar y obtener becas. Estas pueden ser de instituciones o empresas del paà ­s de cada uno o tambià ©n de Estados Unidos, ya que hay muchas de ellas que no excluyen a los estudiantes internacionales, por ejemplo, à ©stas  de universidades de à ©lite. Casi todas las universidades tienen sus propios paquetes y sus reglas de cunto y a quià ©n pueden becar. Y tambià ©n existen instituciones que brindan becas por temas, dependiendo de quà © se estudia o quà © proyecto o trabajo se presenta. Tambià ©n existe la posibilidad de pedir crà ©ditos para estudiante y, finalmente, tambià ©n se puede considerar la posibilidad de realizar parte de los estudios universitarios en community colleges, que resultan ms asequibles, entre otra ventajas que brindan. Quà © errores deben evitar los estudiantes internacionales En primer lugar, no olvidar que trabajar sin permiso es una violacià ³n migratoria. Si hay una denuncia que puede ser anà ³nima o por cualquier otra razà ³n Inmigracià ³n se entera las consecuencias van a ser graves. Y en segundo lugar, recordar que los estudiantes internacionales necesitan una visa para estudiar a tiempo completo. Es cierto que las instituciones educativas admiten a indocumentados. Pero de lo que se trata es de precisamente no acabar en esa categorà ­a migratoria por no utilizar la visa correcta. Esto es relativamente frecuente en los casos de estudiantes internacionales que cursan la high school en Estados Unidos y por errores de este tipo acaban sin visa ellos y sus padres. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Risk factors in the spread of Visceral Leishmaniasis in two highly Research Paper

Risk factors in the spread of Visceral Leishmaniasis in two highly endemic but ecologically different regions - Research Paper Example However, not all species of phlebotomine transmit Leishmaniasis. Research has shown that it is only thirty of all the phlebotomine species transmit VL. In most cases, the female sandfly spreads the parasite into animals or human beings. This is because the parasite develops inside the sandfly for some period mostly between four and twenty five days. The sandfly then sucks fresh blood from an animal or a human being, and hence, transmitting the parasites, which completes the parasite’s cycle of transmission. Signs and symptoms The signs and symptoms of Visceral Leishmaniasis depend on the individual concerned as well as the geographical area involved. Some individuals have silent infections while others display symptoms of the disease. However, in most cases, VL affects internal organs of the body, which include the liver and spleen (Farrell 67). Fever is the most common symptom among many victims. Abnormal blood tests, which are factors of swelling of the spleen and liver, are also common symptoms of the disease. Low blood count of all the components of the disease are among the abnormal blood tests displayed by patients of the disease (Warrell 78). However, the signs and symptoms also depend on the geographical area under concern. For instance, in Sudan, most of the patients of the disease suffer from HIV, which leads to severe cases of the disease. The similarity between symptoms in Sudan and India is that all patients have fever as well internal body organs. Diagnosis and treatment Diagnosis of VL depends on the geographical location of the patient to be examined. This is because the disease varies according to the geographical location of the individual concerned. Clinical officers must use samples from the bone marrow (serologic testing) to test the presence of VL in patients. Serologic testing is effective because the disease mainly affects the internal organs of the body. Test samples for diagnosis may also come from the liver, blood or the lymph nodes. However, clinical officers and other medical practitioners have different approaches of diagnosis for individuals with HIV infection (Siddig, Mohammed, Hashim, David and Eskild 104). It is important to note that the diagnosis of the disease depends on the area or geographical region under concern. Similarly, treatment depends on the severity of the case in the individual concerned. Children and other special groups receive different medication from those of other members of the society. Severe cases of VL are fatal in untreated. No vaccines or preventive drugs are available for the disease. The only preventive measure that individuals can pursue is through preventing bites from sandflies (Mabey 45). Epidemiology and risk factors Epidemiology is one of the areas that have differences concerning geographical locations. Sandflies are responsible for spreading the Leishmania parasites into animals and human beings, which suggests that ecological factors may contribute to the spre ad of VL disease. The presence of tropical forests, caves and other habitats for the phlebotomine sandflies contributes to the spread of the disease in certain geographical areas. Sudan therefore, provides an ideal site for the breeding of sandflies. In addition, the conditions of living in Sudan are more severe than in India. India has relatively low breeding sites because of large population. Many individuals do not notice sandfly bites because the sandflies are mainly active at night and are very small (smaller than tropical mosquitoes). In

Tort of Negligence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tort of Negligence - Assignment Example The duty of Care – This is the first thing which needs to be proved.Did the defendant owe a duty of care to the plaintiff? As Clumsy was your employee; this relationship falls under the established categories and thus it is clear that a duty of care towards clumsy was present. The pool of water might have been left there by another employee but he was asked to keep the floor clean by you and thus the ultimate responsibility in the hotel to keep your employees safe lies with you. (Roger LeRoy Miller, 2008)   Was the Duty of Care Breached – To establish a breach of duty under the tort of negligence it needs to be proved that the defendant failed to do what a reasonable person would have done in similar circumstances? (Roger LeRoy Miller, 2008) The failure to exercise required standard of care is regarded as an act of negligence under the law. In this case, as the manager of the restaurant, it is my duty to ensure that employees have a safe environment to work in which does not cause any injury or harm to them. As water was spilled over the floor, a reasonable person would have kept the floor clean – so there was a breach of duty. Even if the water was spilled on the floor – the reasonable thing to do would have been to put up a â€Å"Wet Floor† sign in order to warn anyone approaching the area. As neither was the floor kept clean and nor was a warning sign placed; it can be reasonably proved that there was a breach of the duty of care on the part of manager of the restaurant.   Damage/ Injury Caused by the Breach of Duty – The plaintiff needs to establish that due to a breach of the duty of care on the part of the defendant he suffered some sort of damage or injury. This damage or injury would not have been caused if there was no breach of the duty of care.

AIRLINE BARGAINING PROCESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

AIRLINE BARGAINING PROCESS - Essay Example The labor agreement includes various basic procedures which are truly essential to be followed by the unions. According to the report on Aviation sector it has been advised that the â€Å"unions must not agree to long-term concessions but rather to define measures on a short-term basis.† A tentative labor agreement calls for improved wages, job security and increased productivity and details a mutual commitment to labor partnerships and commitment towards employers. The election of the arbitrator should be done by both employer and union. The union and the employers have to go by the final decision taken by the arbitrator. The bargaining agent should be certified by the labor board as it represents all workers in the bargaining unit and negotiates a collective agreement with the employer. Once certified the union then has the legal right to represent all employees in the unit. The bargaining units determine the group of workers who are a part of the union, who are considered by the labor board as an appropriate group to bargain and those who are covered by the same collective agreement. The bargaining unit must pay union dues whether or not the members of the union. Collective bargaining is the negotiation between a union and the employer for a collective agreement. Breaching it leads to various unhealthy labor-management relations. But â€Å"currently there is no centralized bargaining forum in the Aviation industry†. The changed law of â€Å"privatization for workers has also led to various strikes† placing â€Å"excessive demands on the unions and fragmenting worker solidarity†. Such work rules are affecting labor-management relation to a lot.

The need for a strategic leadership role

The need for a strategic leadership role Strategic Leadership provides the vision and direction for the growth and success of an organization. To successfully deal with change, all executives need the skills and tools for both strategy formulation and implementation. Managing change and ambiguity requires strategic leaders who not only provide a sense of direction, but who can also build ownership and alignment within their workgroups to implement change. Leaders face the continuing challenge of how they can meet the expectations of those who placed them there. Addressing these expectations usually takes the form of strategic decisions and actions. For a strategy to succeed, the leader must be able to adjust it, as conditions require. But leaders cannot learn enough, fast enough, and do enough on their own to effectively adapt the strategy and then define, shape and executive the organizational response. If leaders are to win they must reply on the prepared minds of employees throughout the organization to understand the strategic intent and then both carry out the current strategy and adapt it in real time. The challenge is not only producing a winning strategy at a point in time but getting employees smart enough and motivated enough to executive the strategy and change it as condition change. This requires the leader to focus as much on the process used to develop the strategy-the human dimension, as the content of the strategy-the analytical dimension. Strategic Leadership is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility and empower others to create strategic change as necessary. Strategic Leadership Process The company Gobind Industries Gobind Industries was founded in 1978 in Barabanki (INDIA), with the aim of providing farmers with Quality of Agriculture implements, at an affordable price, services, lower Horsepower (H.P). They now operate more than 100 stores in India. (Kushal Kumar Agarwal) The Products Gobind Industries offers Threshers, Harrow, Cultivator, Razor, Reapers, Levelers, Rotovator, Trolley, and other small accessories. Part I Culture A culture cannot be precisely defined, for it is something that is perceived, something felt. (According to Charles Handy, 1998) Organization Culture When a group of people works together and live together for any length of time, then form a belief in them what is right and wrong. This behavior based on the beliefs and there actions become habit that they follow routinely. These behaviors constitute the organizations culture. Culture reflects the peoples are performing tasks in an organization, for the objectives and goals to achieve them in a given period of time. It affects the way they make decisions, think, feel and act in response to opportunities and threats. The culture of an organization is therefore related to the people, their behavior and the operation of the structure. It is encapsulated in beliefs, customs and values, and manifested in a number of symbolic ways. (Strategic Management, 5th Edition, by John Thompson with Frank Martin) The impact of the culture in an organizations Location/ National culture Environment The organizations past Size The Mission The Aims and Objectives Management/Leadership Style Levels of consultation, participation and acceptance (Hand notes: Organization Culture) In organization, there are deep-set beliefs about the way work should be organized, the way authority should be exercised, people rewarded and people controlled. (Acc. to Charles Handy) When executives articulate and publish the values of their firm, which provide patterns for how employees should behave. E.g.: If I am not going to submit my assignment on given prescribed time, and faculty doesnt ask me or I submitted my assignment late then next time also I am going to do same, while looking to me other guys also started submitting there assignments late, then slowly-slowly the same process is going to be converted into habit then culture in college of submitting late assignments. In my work place the culture of speaking with the customers in Hindi, therefore for selling the product we required a salesperson those can speak good Hindi which helps the customer to understand the product properly, which will be beneficial to my organization, if I am going to keep those sales person who speaks in English then there is no use of it, but in India after every fourteen miles language changes, so for dealing in the market we had to keep that employee who can speak at least three different languages. So therefore the cultural impact on the organization is very much. Organizational specific, Legal, Regulatory and ethical requirements impact on strategic leadership As per my organization Legal Requirements Regulatory Requirements Ethical Requirements Regional, local laws and regulation. Government operating permits, licenses and approvals. Contracts and other documents that include legal obligations. Regulatory Requirements ensures that the organization identifies, accesses and evaluates laws, regulations and internal organizational requirements that apply to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services. Identify these regulations helps to evaluate their potential impacts on the company and its products, activities and services. Ethical requirements in an organization for employees is to work for the company not for the personal interest, that the employee is trying to make money for himself, which will be against the ethics of the organization. Impact on Strategic Leadership Impact on Strategic Leadership Impact on Strategic Leadership If all these requirements doesnt fulfill by the company then it will be very costly for leader and as well as for the organization. E.g.: Painting work shop is not there in an manufacturing industry and the organization painting in the open air, then legally there is going to be problem for the organization by the government. So at this time leader had to think for the proper painting workshop that will be not harmful for any one. In an organization the employees doesnt follow the rules and regulation, then it will be affecting on the activities, product and services, for those the leader had to take initiative, and to control the people in an organization so that they can follow the regulation. E.g.: The regulation in the college is that no one should smoke in the campus, if it occurs then the leader can take hard and fast action on the particular person, who had broken the rules. If leader caught any of the employees doing any un ethical work that is against the organizational law, then he/she can be fired from his/her job or otherwise the employee can be handover to the police. Its all depend upon the leader that at what sought of problem is their with that employee. The leader can leave him while giving warning, its all depend upon the situation. The impact on the strategic leader is always a problematic one because if any one break any of these requirements then it will very costly for the organization and as well as for the strategic leader, if any problem occurs then he had to use his skills to resolve those problem, so that the organization should run in a smooth way. Current and Emerging social concerns and expectations impacting leadership in the organization Leaders impact organizational culture and that, in turn, determines levels of individual, group, and organizational effectiveness. These workshops are designed to help individual leaders strengthen thinking and behavioral styles that promote their effectiveness and moderate styles that prevent them from realizing their potential. It also helps leaders understand the impact they have on culture, and its implications for effectiveness at the individual, group, and organizational level. Leaders from the top-down in organizations are using leadership strategies that cause people to behave in ways that are contrary to how they want these people to behave. The reason for this is that we have failed to move from controlling to leading. The average leader operates on the basis of untried and untested but very commonly held assumptions about how to motivate people and achieve excellence in performance. Part II 2.1 The relationship between Strategic management and leadership Strategic Management Strategy is the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organization it is or intends to be and the nature of the economic and non economic contribution it intends to make shareholders, employees, customers and communities. (Kenneth Andrews) Leadership The task of leadership, as well as providing the framework, values and motivation of people, and allocation of financial and other resources, is to set the overall direction which enables choices to be made so that the efforts of the company can be focused. (Sir John Harvey-Jones) When there is an objective to be achieved, or a task to be carried out, and when more than one person is needed to do it. (Armstrong, 1990) The relationship between the Strategic management and Leadership is that the strategic management is used to establish missions, objectives, and strategies for an organization. Leadership work is to complete those missions, objectives, and strategies with the support of their team, who must be inspired or persuaded to follow them. Therefore leadership is about the encouraging the individuals to give their best to achieve those missions that had been given by the strategic management. A series of strategic management components whose formulation and implementation will require a leadership input, these components include decisions about: Planning style Strategic Intent Mission Objectives Ethos and ethics Performance management Financial strategy and management Core values and ideology Understanding and choice of the basis of strategy formulation Perspective-the conceptualization, purpose, and direction of the enterprise. How the process of strategy formulation and strategic decision-making is to be implemented and facilitated How the enterprise is to move forwards into the future. How relationship with key internal and external stakeholders are to be managed within the architecture of the organization. How to ensure understanding and consensus about the critical success factors of the enterprise. How power is to be used within the organization; and how the politics of internal and external relationships are to be managed. (Principles of strategic management 3rd Edition, Tony Morden) 2.2 Leadership styles and their impact on strategic decision Leadership Style and its Impact There are three major leadership styles by psychologist Kurt Lewin a) Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic) Authoritarian leaders provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. There is also a clear division between the leader and the followers. Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group. Impact: Researchers found that decision-making was less creative under authoritarian leadership. It is more difficult to move from an authoritarian style to a democratic style than vice versa. Abuse of this style is usually viewed as controlling, bossy, and dictatorial. Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. As per my organization the authoritarian leader is the Chairperson of the Gobind Industries, sometimes he had to take it self decisions which is good for the organization but it was less creative, therefore he tries to make decision while having a meeting with the department leaders. b) Participative Leadership (Democratic) Democratic leadership is generally the most effective leadership style. Democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. Impact: In this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a much higher quality. Participative leaders encourage group members to participate, but retain the final say over the decision-making process. Group members feel engaged in the process and are more motivated and creative. As per my organization the meeting is being held in every one month by leaders with the staff members to encourage them and to know something new for the organization, this meeting motivates the employee to achieve the objective that is being set by the leaders. c) Delegative (Laissez-Faire) Delegative (laissez-fair) leadership was the least productive of all three groups. The members in this group also made more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation, and were unable to work independently. Impact: Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. While this style can be effective in situations where group members are highly qualified in an area of expertise, it often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation. (http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/a/leadstyle.htm) 2.3 Leadership styles in different situations and its impact In the graph we can see that there are three stages as per the different situation in an organization. In first stage: the environment and the targets of the organization are soft and they are not under pressure, so the managers should adopt a soft leadership style to maintain the feel-good factor in the team. In this type of situation the leadership is must required to check there members because if doesnt then due to easiness of the environment then became laziness, therefore at this time also there should check on the members. If the leader doesnt do this then in future this will be converted into problem for an organization. In second stage: the environment becomes harder and targets and processes are under pressure, at this stage the manager had to adopt the harder leadership style, in order to focus the efforts of the team to achieve their goals. At this stage the leader had to take some harsh steps against the members of his team, so that they can achieve their goals. If they cannot do this then it will loss for the organization and the blame is going on the team leader, at this point he had use his skills, talents to bring out his team from the hard environment. In third stage: if the environment remains hard and targets and processes are under pressure, then the manager had to adopt hard and soft leadership style, so that the members should not frustrate with the leader, which will be again harmful for the organization, at this stage the manager had to motivate its members and as well as at some times he should harsh so that the work should not be pending, due to the soft behavior of the manager. Part III 3.1 A culture of professionalism, mutual trusts, respect and support within an organization A culture of professionalism in an organization: Developing a Culture of professionalism in my own organization while giving example, I am going to be the leader in this organization and developing a culture of professionalism. While entering into my organization, I felt that I just came into the fish market I cannot recognize any of organizational members at first time and the environment is not that much good as it should be in the organization, some of the members are wearing t-shirts, some of them wearing colorful shirts, while looking all these I decided to make a culture of professionalism so that our members can treat to the customers in value able manner, and it will be easy for the consumers to recognize the staff members easily. I provided them a dress material and ask them to enter in a this formal dress only which changes the culture and as well as the creates the professionalism in an organization, giving them training how to behave or deal with the customer, which incr eases our sale and gives satisfaction to our consumers. A mutual trusts: mutual trust means the beliefs, truth, reliability, ability or strength of every members are there in an organization. This had to be maintained by the leader within the members. The leader should not be partial with any of the member, if he does that then the others members trust he is being loosing and it is going to affect the organization, which is not a good leadership by the leader, he had to make faith equally with every members, As parents makes trust, faith and treats equally to all of their children in the same way the organization is also like a family. Respect: respect in an organization is must because without respecting each other you cannot move a single step also. If the staff member gives respect to the manager then he/she also had to give respect to his juniors. Respect can be in terms of listening to the seniors and giving respect to juniors, helping them in any of the problem. In an organization giving respect to the customer is must, it can while dealing them asking about water or tea or a coffee, or while receiving them in the reception area, these all shows the respect towards a consumer and as well as within the members of an organization. Support: within the organization the support can be given with in the team members, it can be one department to another department also. The example, if a employee is being given some work to do and he is not able to complete within the time period, then his team member can give support to finish his work on time. Example between two departments, in sales department if any of the member sales something to the consumer and to the consumer he had to give bill of the product, then the sales person request to the finance department to give their support to them for printing out bill as soon as possible. 3.2 Strategic leader focus on Organization in the achievement of objectives The leader must focus on the objectives as higher profits, shareholder value and customer satisfaction. To achieve results, the leader had to develop a solid, sound, customer-focused, and entrepreneurial strategy, aimed at market leadership, based on innovation, and tightly focused on decisive opportunities. He had to provide the feedback to the organization about the higher profits every month so that he can came to know that where he is failing to bring up higher profits. These can be done while increasing the market share, increment in the quality of a product, good after sales service. While providing all these he bring the higher profits for the organization and as well as customer satisfaction and the shareholder value in the market. Shares are rising of the company on the daily or weekly basis, which is again beneficial to the organization. 3.3 Strategic Leader supports and develops understanding of the organizations direction The organizational direction means the organization vision, mission, values and direction towards customers. The strategic leader supports the vision of the organization, as the vision of the organization is To become a most successful and respected thresher company in the India and the best after sale service provider in the market. So the strategic leader had to work as per their vision because Gobind Industries is already a respected organization in India and it is easy for the leader to make more successful organization and he can develop this by working on it or by providing best after sales service to the consumers as compare to their competitors. We will provide high quality of product so that the consumer can easily use multi crop threshers this is the mission of the company which the leader had to support while making corrections in the machinery to achieve more better quality of product as in the mission is being mentioned. The organization values are: believing in excellence service through Integrity, Innovation and Learning Integrity that the strategic leader develops and support is the honesty and doing right thing for their consumers and always honoring our commitments. Strategic leader develop and support the creativity and change for achieving continuous improvements and results in our jobs and in our organization. As the organizational direction is about learning then the strategic leader support and develop this part in itself also which will be helpful for himself and for the organization too. Organization believe in on going learning new things by getting knowledge from consumer, market, suppliers, dealers, friends or from any stakeholder about our product fault or any better need for an organization which will be beneficial for our consumer and for the organization. 3.4 Strategic Leadership Styles are adapted to meet changing needs and to enable organizational development and commitment With varying degrees of success, many leaders get their strategy making to this point and either stop or their process stalls. A major reason is the lack of understanding and commitment to the steps required to build more effective strategic leadership practices and a strategy dialogue in the operating groups below the senior managers. These groups and especially their leadership teams frequently do not know how to proceed and there is no consistent in-house resource to assist them. The net effect is the sense of excitement and momentum that was generated at the top of the house in the earlier stages of the strategy process is lost and the strategy team of employees is derailed before it is even gets started. One of the best ways to address this is to identify and train a cadre of high potential line managers in the middle of the organization that can serve as champions of the strategy process to those both above and below them. In this sense they serve both as a catalyst for the pro cess and as a bridge between formulation and implementation. They do not replace the leadership role of the senior teams in each of these operating group but they do serve as a critical additional resource that is dedicated to creating momentum and fostering consistency. This can be especially important if the strategy defined requires changes in the organizational culture as well as the business model. This resource also helps to ensure that the day-to-day running the business is not neglected as the demands of building a large-scale strategy dialogue come into play. To integrate both dimensions into strategy making in a way that creates a winning outcome and gets the whole organization understanding and committed to this common agenda requires leaders who are clear about the strategic capacity of each of their internal stakeholder groups and who have the perspective and insights to lead in a way that incorporates both dimensions as the strategy is developed. The steps described below are intended to provide the leader with techniques to do that. Taken collectively, they define a process that incorporates both the analytical and human dimensions, while challenging individuals throughout the organization to raise the quality and quantity of their strategic thinking and their strategic leadership. Conclusion Finally, when deciding what vocabulary and toolset is best to use while working across large populations, simpler is usually better. The simpler the language and the fewer the tools, the more accessible the strategy becomes to larger groups of people and the more people can understand it, know how they should think and talk about it, and identify how they can contribute. Some situations require more sophisticated (i.e. more complicated) tools because there is a need for much more thorough analytics. Many do not. The right balance point between comprehensiveness and simplicity will provide enough analytical complexity to adequately describe the marketplace, the customers, what you do and how you will compete, but nothing more than that. Simplicity, where it can be found, makes a significant difference when working across a large population.