AIRLINE BARGAINING PROCESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

AIRLINE BARGAINING PROCESS - Essay Example The labor agreement includes various basic procedures which are truly essential to be followed by the unions. According to the report on Aviation sector it has been advised that the â€Å"unions must not agree to long-term concessions but rather to define measures on a short-term basis.† A tentative labor agreement calls for improved wages, job security and increased productivity and details a mutual commitment to labor partnerships and commitment towards employers. The election of the arbitrator should be done by both employer and union. The union and the employers have to go by the final decision taken by the arbitrator. The bargaining agent should be certified by the labor board as it represents all workers in the bargaining unit and negotiates a collective agreement with the employer. Once certified the union then has the legal right to represent all employees in the unit. The bargaining units determine the group of workers who are a part of the union, who are considered by the labor board as an appropriate group to bargain and those who are covered by the same collective agreement. The bargaining unit must pay union dues whether or not the members of the union. Collective bargaining is the negotiation between a union and the employer for a collective agreement. Breaching it leads to various unhealthy labor-management relations. But â€Å"currently there is no centralized bargaining forum in the Aviation industry†. The changed law of â€Å"privatization for workers has also led to various strikes† placing â€Å"excessive demands on the unions and fragmenting worker solidarity†. Such work rules are affecting labor-management relation to a lot.

The need for a strategic leadership role

The need for a strategic leadership role Strategic Leadership provides the vision and direction for the growth and success of an organization. To successfully deal with change, all executives need the skills and tools for both strategy formulation and implementation. Managing change and ambiguity requires strategic leaders who not only provide a sense of direction, but who can also build ownership and alignment within their workgroups to implement change. Leaders face the continuing challenge of how they can meet the expectations of those who placed them there. Addressing these expectations usually takes the form of strategic decisions and actions. For a strategy to succeed, the leader must be able to adjust it, as conditions require. But leaders cannot learn enough, fast enough, and do enough on their own to effectively adapt the strategy and then define, shape and executive the organizational response. If leaders are to win they must reply on the prepared minds of employees throughout the organization to understand the strategic intent and then both carry out the current strategy and adapt it in real time. The challenge is not only producing a winning strategy at a point in time but getting employees smart enough and motivated enough to executive the strategy and change it as condition change. This requires the leader to focus as much on the process used to develop the strategy-the human dimension, as the content of the strategy-the analytical dimension. Strategic Leadership is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility and empower others to create strategic change as necessary. Strategic Leadership Process The company Gobind Industries Gobind Industries was founded in 1978 in Barabanki (INDIA), with the aim of providing farmers with Quality of Agriculture implements, at an affordable price, services, lower Horsepower (H.P). They now operate more than 100 stores in India. (Kushal Kumar Agarwal) The Products Gobind Industries offers Threshers, Harrow, Cultivator, Razor, Reapers, Levelers, Rotovator, Trolley, and other small accessories. Part I Culture A culture cannot be precisely defined, for it is something that is perceived, something felt. (According to Charles Handy, 1998) Organization Culture When a group of people works together and live together for any length of time, then form a belief in them what is right and wrong. This behavior based on the beliefs and there actions become habit that they follow routinely. These behaviors constitute the organizations culture. Culture reflects the peoples are performing tasks in an organization, for the objectives and goals to achieve them in a given period of time. It affects the way they make decisions, think, feel and act in response to opportunities and threats. The culture of an organization is therefore related to the people, their behavior and the operation of the structure. It is encapsulated in beliefs, customs and values, and manifested in a number of symbolic ways. (Strategic Management, 5th Edition, by John Thompson with Frank Martin) The impact of the culture in an organizations Location/ National culture Environment The organizations past Size The Mission The Aims and Objectives Management/Leadership Style Levels of consultation, participation and acceptance (Hand notes: Organization Culture) In organization, there are deep-set beliefs about the way work should be organized, the way authority should be exercised, people rewarded and people controlled. (Acc. to Charles Handy) When executives articulate and publish the values of their firm, which provide patterns for how employees should behave. E.g.: If I am not going to submit my assignment on given prescribed time, and faculty doesnt ask me or I submitted my assignment late then next time also I am going to do same, while looking to me other guys also started submitting there assignments late, then slowly-slowly the same process is going to be converted into habit then culture in college of submitting late assignments. In my work place the culture of speaking with the customers in Hindi, therefore for selling the product we required a salesperson those can speak good Hindi which helps the customer to understand the product properly, which will be beneficial to my organization, if I am going to keep those sales person who speaks in English then there is no use of it, but in India after every fourteen miles language changes, so for dealing in the market we had to keep that employee who can speak at least three different languages. So therefore the cultural impact on the organization is very much. Organizational specific, Legal, Regulatory and ethical requirements impact on strategic leadership As per my organization Legal Requirements Regulatory Requirements Ethical Requirements Regional, local laws and regulation. Government operating permits, licenses and approvals. Contracts and other documents that include legal obligations. Regulatory Requirements ensures that the organization identifies, accesses and evaluates laws, regulations and internal organizational requirements that apply to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services. Identify these regulations helps to evaluate their potential impacts on the company and its products, activities and services. Ethical requirements in an organization for employees is to work for the company not for the personal interest, that the employee is trying to make money for himself, which will be against the ethics of the organization. Impact on Strategic Leadership Impact on Strategic Leadership Impact on Strategic Leadership If all these requirements doesnt fulfill by the company then it will be very costly for leader and as well as for the organization. E.g.: Painting work shop is not there in an manufacturing industry and the organization painting in the open air, then legally there is going to be problem for the organization by the government. So at this time leader had to think for the proper painting workshop that will be not harmful for any one. In an organization the employees doesnt follow the rules and regulation, then it will be affecting on the activities, product and services, for those the leader had to take initiative, and to control the people in an organization so that they can follow the regulation. E.g.: The regulation in the college is that no one should smoke in the campus, if it occurs then the leader can take hard and fast action on the particular person, who had broken the rules. If leader caught any of the employees doing any un ethical work that is against the organizational law, then he/she can be fired from his/her job or otherwise the employee can be handover to the police. Its all depend upon the leader that at what sought of problem is their with that employee. The leader can leave him while giving warning, its all depend upon the situation. The impact on the strategic leader is always a problematic one because if any one break any of these requirements then it will very costly for the organization and as well as for the strategic leader, if any problem occurs then he had to use his skills to resolve those problem, so that the organization should run in a smooth way. Current and Emerging social concerns and expectations impacting leadership in the organization Leaders impact organizational culture and that, in turn, determines levels of individual, group, and organizational effectiveness. These workshops are designed to help individual leaders strengthen thinking and behavioral styles that promote their effectiveness and moderate styles that prevent them from realizing their potential. It also helps leaders understand the impact they have on culture, and its implications for effectiveness at the individual, group, and organizational level. Leaders from the top-down in organizations are using leadership strategies that cause people to behave in ways that are contrary to how they want these people to behave. The reason for this is that we have failed to move from controlling to leading. The average leader operates on the basis of untried and untested but very commonly held assumptions about how to motivate people and achieve excellence in performance. Part II 2.1 The relationship between Strategic management and leadership Strategic Management Strategy is the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organization it is or intends to be and the nature of the economic and non economic contribution it intends to make shareholders, employees, customers and communities. (Kenneth Andrews) Leadership The task of leadership, as well as providing the framework, values and motivation of people, and allocation of financial and other resources, is to set the overall direction which enables choices to be made so that the efforts of the company can be focused. (Sir John Harvey-Jones) When there is an objective to be achieved, or a task to be carried out, and when more than one person is needed to do it. (Armstrong, 1990) The relationship between the Strategic management and Leadership is that the strategic management is used to establish missions, objectives, and strategies for an organization. Leadership work is to complete those missions, objectives, and strategies with the support of their team, who must be inspired or persuaded to follow them. Therefore leadership is about the encouraging the individuals to give their best to achieve those missions that had been given by the strategic management. A series of strategic management components whose formulation and implementation will require a leadership input, these components include decisions about: Planning style Strategic Intent Mission Objectives Ethos and ethics Performance management Financial strategy and management Core values and ideology Understanding and choice of the basis of strategy formulation Perspective-the conceptualization, purpose, and direction of the enterprise. How the process of strategy formulation and strategic decision-making is to be implemented and facilitated How the enterprise is to move forwards into the future. How relationship with key internal and external stakeholders are to be managed within the architecture of the organization. How to ensure understanding and consensus about the critical success factors of the enterprise. How power is to be used within the organization; and how the politics of internal and external relationships are to be managed. (Principles of strategic management 3rd Edition, Tony Morden) 2.2 Leadership styles and their impact on strategic decision Leadership Style and its Impact There are three major leadership styles by psychologist Kurt Lewin a) Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic) Authoritarian leaders provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. There is also a clear division between the leader and the followers. Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group. Impact: Researchers found that decision-making was less creative under authoritarian leadership. It is more difficult to move from an authoritarian style to a democratic style than vice versa. Abuse of this style is usually viewed as controlling, bossy, and dictatorial. Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. As per my organization the authoritarian leader is the Chairperson of the Gobind Industries, sometimes he had to take it self decisions which is good for the organization but it was less creative, therefore he tries to make decision while having a meeting with the department leaders. b) Participative Leadership (Democratic) Democratic leadership is generally the most effective leadership style. Democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. Impact: In this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a much higher quality. Participative leaders encourage group members to participate, but retain the final say over the decision-making process. Group members feel engaged in the process and are more motivated and creative. As per my organization the meeting is being held in every one month by leaders with the staff members to encourage them and to know something new for the organization, this meeting motivates the employee to achieve the objective that is being set by the leaders. c) Delegative (Laissez-Faire) Delegative (laissez-fair) leadership was the least productive of all three groups. The members in this group also made more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation, and were unable to work independently. Impact: Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. While this style can be effective in situations where group members are highly qualified in an area of expertise, it often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation. (http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/a/leadstyle.htm) 2.3 Leadership styles in different situations and its impact In the graph we can see that there are three stages as per the different situation in an organization. In first stage: the environment and the targets of the organization are soft and they are not under pressure, so the managers should adopt a soft leadership style to maintain the feel-good factor in the team. In this type of situation the leadership is must required to check there members because if doesnt then due to easiness of the environment then became laziness, therefore at this time also there should check on the members. If the leader doesnt do this then in future this will be converted into problem for an organization. In second stage: the environment becomes harder and targets and processes are under pressure, at this stage the manager had to adopt the harder leadership style, in order to focus the efforts of the team to achieve their goals. At this stage the leader had to take some harsh steps against the members of his team, so that they can achieve their goals. If they cannot do this then it will loss for the organization and the blame is going on the team leader, at this point he had use his skills, talents to bring out his team from the hard environment. In third stage: if the environment remains hard and targets and processes are under pressure, then the manager had to adopt hard and soft leadership style, so that the members should not frustrate with the leader, which will be again harmful for the organization, at this stage the manager had to motivate its members and as well as at some times he should harsh so that the work should not be pending, due to the soft behavior of the manager. Part III 3.1 A culture of professionalism, mutual trusts, respect and support within an organization A culture of professionalism in an organization: Developing a Culture of professionalism in my own organization while giving example, I am going to be the leader in this organization and developing a culture of professionalism. While entering into my organization, I felt that I just came into the fish market I cannot recognize any of organizational members at first time and the environment is not that much good as it should be in the organization, some of the members are wearing t-shirts, some of them wearing colorful shirts, while looking all these I decided to make a culture of professionalism so that our members can treat to the customers in value able manner, and it will be easy for the consumers to recognize the staff members easily. I provided them a dress material and ask them to enter in a this formal dress only which changes the culture and as well as the creates the professionalism in an organization, giving them training how to behave or deal with the customer, which incr eases our sale and gives satisfaction to our consumers. A mutual trusts: mutual trust means the beliefs, truth, reliability, ability or strength of every members are there in an organization. This had to be maintained by the leader within the members. The leader should not be partial with any of the member, if he does that then the others members trust he is being loosing and it is going to affect the organization, which is not a good leadership by the leader, he had to make faith equally with every members, As parents makes trust, faith and treats equally to all of their children in the same way the organization is also like a family. Respect: respect in an organization is must because without respecting each other you cannot move a single step also. If the staff member gives respect to the manager then he/she also had to give respect to his juniors. Respect can be in terms of listening to the seniors and giving respect to juniors, helping them in any of the problem. In an organization giving respect to the customer is must, it can while dealing them asking about water or tea or a coffee, or while receiving them in the reception area, these all shows the respect towards a consumer and as well as within the members of an organization. Support: within the organization the support can be given with in the team members, it can be one department to another department also. The example, if a employee is being given some work to do and he is not able to complete within the time period, then his team member can give support to finish his work on time. Example between two departments, in sales department if any of the member sales something to the consumer and to the consumer he had to give bill of the product, then the sales person request to the finance department to give their support to them for printing out bill as soon as possible. 3.2 Strategic leader focus on Organization in the achievement of objectives The leader must focus on the objectives as higher profits, shareholder value and customer satisfaction. To achieve results, the leader had to develop a solid, sound, customer-focused, and entrepreneurial strategy, aimed at market leadership, based on innovation, and tightly focused on decisive opportunities. He had to provide the feedback to the organization about the higher profits every month so that he can came to know that where he is failing to bring up higher profits. These can be done while increasing the market share, increment in the quality of a product, good after sales service. While providing all these he bring the higher profits for the organization and as well as customer satisfaction and the shareholder value in the market. Shares are rising of the company on the daily or weekly basis, which is again beneficial to the organization. 3.3 Strategic Leader supports and develops understanding of the organizations direction The organizational direction means the organization vision, mission, values and direction towards customers. The strategic leader supports the vision of the organization, as the vision of the organization is To become a most successful and respected thresher company in the India and the best after sale service provider in the market. So the strategic leader had to work as per their vision because Gobind Industries is already a respected organization in India and it is easy for the leader to make more successful organization and he can develop this by working on it or by providing best after sales service to the consumers as compare to their competitors. We will provide high quality of product so that the consumer can easily use multi crop threshers this is the mission of the company which the leader had to support while making corrections in the machinery to achieve more better quality of product as in the mission is being mentioned. The organization values are: believing in excellence service through Integrity, Innovation and Learning Integrity that the strategic leader develops and support is the honesty and doing right thing for their consumers and always honoring our commitments. Strategic leader develop and support the creativity and change for achieving continuous improvements and results in our jobs and in our organization. As the organizational direction is about learning then the strategic leader support and develop this part in itself also which will be helpful for himself and for the organization too. Organization believe in on going learning new things by getting knowledge from consumer, market, suppliers, dealers, friends or from any stakeholder about our product fault or any better need for an organization which will be beneficial for our consumer and for the organization. 3.4 Strategic Leadership Styles are adapted to meet changing needs and to enable organizational development and commitment With varying degrees of success, many leaders get their strategy making to this point and either stop or their process stalls. A major reason is the lack of understanding and commitment to the steps required to build more effective strategic leadership practices and a strategy dialogue in the operating groups below the senior managers. These groups and especially their leadership teams frequently do not know how to proceed and there is no consistent in-house resource to assist them. The net effect is the sense of excitement and momentum that was generated at the top of the house in the earlier stages of the strategy process is lost and the strategy team of employees is derailed before it is even gets started. One of the best ways to address this is to identify and train a cadre of high potential line managers in the middle of the organization that can serve as champions of the strategy process to those both above and below them. In this sense they serve both as a catalyst for the pro cess and as a bridge between formulation and implementation. They do not replace the leadership role of the senior teams in each of these operating group but they do serve as a critical additional resource that is dedicated to creating momentum and fostering consistency. This can be especially important if the strategy defined requires changes in the organizational culture as well as the business model. This resource also helps to ensure that the day-to-day running the business is not neglected as the demands of building a large-scale strategy dialogue come into play. To integrate both dimensions into strategy making in a way that creates a winning outcome and gets the whole organization understanding and committed to this common agenda requires leaders who are clear about the strategic capacity of each of their internal stakeholder groups and who have the perspective and insights to lead in a way that incorporates both dimensions as the strategy is developed. The steps described below are intended to provide the leader with techniques to do that. Taken collectively, they define a process that incorporates both the analytical and human dimensions, while challenging individuals throughout the organization to raise the quality and quantity of their strategic thinking and their strategic leadership. Conclusion Finally, when deciding what vocabulary and toolset is best to use while working across large populations, simpler is usually better. The simpler the language and the fewer the tools, the more accessible the strategy becomes to larger groups of people and the more people can understand it, know how they should think and talk about it, and identify how they can contribute. Some situations require more sophisticated (i.e. more complicated) tools because there is a need for much more thorough analytics. Many do not. The right balance point between comprehensiveness and simplicity will provide enough analytical complexity to adequately describe the marketplace, the customers, what you do and how you will compete, but nothing more than that. Simplicity, where it can be found, makes a significant difference when working across a large population.

Life of Octopus Dofleini :: essays research papers

Life of Octopus Dofleini Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a research report on octopuses in general, however will focus in on a particular species of octopus, the North Pacific Giant or octopus dofleini , which is a bottom dwelling octopus that lives on coasts of the pacific ocean, from California to north Japan. This report will cover the habitat, and lifestyle of this amazing mollusk, that is so often misunderstood. The octopus is a very intelligent, and resourceful invertebrate whose natural abilities should make this a fairly interesting reading. REPRODUCTION OF O. DOFLEINI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The spawning of the giant pacific may occur at any time of the year, however the mating of the octopus peaks in the winter months, with the peak of egg laying in April and may. Octopuses reproduce sexually, and have both male and female octopuses. Reproduction takes place as follows: The male octopus uses his tentacle to take a mass of spermatophore from within his mantle cavity, he then inserts it into the oviduct, in the mantle cavity of the female. This process occurs at depths from 20-100m and, lasts hours. With female octopuses receiving spermatophore up to 1m long.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female octopus seem to prefer larger males as mates and male octopus may mate with more than one female in their life span, however the male octopus only lives a few months after breeding, and the female will die shortly after the eggs hatch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incubation can take from 150 days to seven or more months. The female may produce any where from 20,000 to 100,000 eggs over a period of several days. During incubation the female octopus will take to cleaning and aerating the eggs. This takes place at a depth of less than 50 meters LIFE SPAN OF O.DOFLEINI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After hatching, the baby octopus (or larvae) take on the role of plankton, drifting around the ocean feeding on neuston (dead food) as opposed to hunting live prey. This stage on an average lasts for 30-90 days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without mating the octopus may survive up to five years, and Giant Pacific octopus have been found to reach a weight of 600 pounds, and an estimated width of over 31 feet, But the average size is only 100 pounds and 3m, still weighing in as the largest species of octopus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During their life span, many octopus fall victim to fatal, and non-fatal predation. Therefore a high percentage of octopus are mutilated or missing arms, this percentage increases in octopus that live in deep water, perhaps this is because older octopus tend to occupy deeper waters and would naturally have more battle scars. However larger octopus are less prone to these injuries.

Dengue prevention Essay

A very good morning to the principal, Mr. Gan, the senior assistant, Mrs. Lim, respected teachers and fellow friends. I am grateful for your presence and I am extremely delighted with this valuable opportunity to meet you all in this great morning. Frankly, it is honour to be entrusted to deliver a speech to you on the topic â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..† Undoubtedly, it is the responsibility of the property owner to prevent mosquito breeding sources. The immature stages of the mosquito so called egg, larva or pupa develop in stagnant water. It takes seven to ten days from the time a mosquito lays her eggs, until 100 to 400 larvae or wrigglers begin their life, possibly in your backyard. The size of the container of water doesn’t matter, as mosquito larvae and pupa are small. In the event a breeding source is found, the owner must treat the problem and take steps to prevent the recurrence of breeding. By reducing the number of breeding sources, we can reduce the number of mosquitoes and cases of mosquito-borne disease. First and foremost, you are advised to use Abate or larvicide to kill mosquitoes and destroy the larva. Part from that, you can put some salt into the containers holding water as it prevents mosquitoes from breeding. Meanwhile, cover all water containers tightly to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs. It is utmost important to change water in the vases and tubs at least once a week, use mosquito repellents when necessary while following the instructions on the label. On the other hand, you are encouraged to be extra careful with the situations outside the house. Apparently, you can get rid of any standing water. Mosquitoes must have water in which to lay their eggs and develop into adults. Check old tires, buckets, rain gutters, watering cans, etc. If you have a bird bath, fountain, wading pool, or plant trays, it is a good idea to change the water at least once a week. Make sure that there are no containers that can collect water left lying around your garden. Importantly, fog your home if necessary. Be sure to keep swimming pools clean and chlorinated. If not in use, keep empty and covered. In addition, ensure that the drains and gutters are not clogged and clean. Remember to stock ornamental pools with goldfish because they eat mosquito larvae on the water’s surface. Mosquito control is a community effort. You can also bury bottles, tins and old tyres. Last but not least, you can participate in preventing mosquitoes from breeding by doing the following simple chores around your home. Even the smallest thing will help and you will be surprised to find out what you can do. In a nutshell, we should keep an adage that time and tide wait for no man; we are supposed to strike the iron when hot. I have come to an end, this is all for today. Thank you for being a wonderful audience and I hope to share more of my thoughts with you in the near future. Thank you very much. Speech: A very good morning to the principal, Mr. Gan, the senior assistant, Mrs. Lim, respected teachers and fellow friends. I am grateful for your presence and I am extremely delighted with this valuable opportunity to meet you all in this great morning. Frankly, I am honour to be entrusted to deliver a speech to you on the topic â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..† -it is the responsibility of the property owner to prevent mosquito breeding sources. The immature stages of the mosquito so called egg, larva or pupa develop in stagnant water. -takes seven to ten days from the time a mosquito lays her eggs, until 100 to 400 larvae or wrigglers begin their life, possibly in your backyard. -the size of the container of water doesn’t matter, as mosquito larvae and pupa are small. -In the event a breeding source is found, the owner must treat the problem and take steps to prevent the recurrence of breeding. -by reducing the number of breeding sources, we can reduce the number of mosquitoes and cases of mosquito-borne disease. -use Abate or larvicide to kill mosquitoes and destroy the larva. Part from that, you can put some salt into the containers holding water as it prevents mosquitoes from breeding. – cover all water containers tightly to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs. It is utmost important to change water in the vases and tubs at least once a week -use mosquito repellents when necessary while following the instructions on the label. – you are encouraged to be extra careful with the situations outside the house. Apparently, you can get rid of any standing water. -mosquitoes must have water in which to lay their eggs and develop into adults. Check old tires, buckets, rain gutters, watering cans, etc. -if you have a bird bath, fountain, wading pool, or plant trays, it is a good idea to change the water at least once a week -make sure that there are no  containers that can collect water left lying around your garden. Importantly, fog your home if necessary. -be sure to keep swimming pools clean and chlorinated. If not in use, keep empty and covered. In addition, ensure that the drains and gutters are not clogged and clean. -remember to stock ornamental pools with goldfish because they eat mosquito larvae on the water’s surface. Mosquito control is a community effort. -bury bottles and cans. Last but not least, participate in preventing mosquitoes from breeding by doing the following simple chores around your home. -Even the smallest thing will help and you will be surprised to find out what you can do. In a nutshell, we should keep an adage that time and tide wait for no man; we are supposed to strike the iron whe n hot. I have come to an end, this is all for today. Thank you for being a wonderful audience and I hope to share more of my thoughts with you in the near future. Thank you very much.

How Useful Is It as Evidence for an Historian Studying

To an historian studying the outbreak of the Kappa Putsch this Is a useful factor to take Into consideration; this source shows us the troubles of Germany, about the factors, which lead people to have an uprising. It is understandable when reading an extract that they had to act out, as they were feeling betrayed and angry at Germany. We can see that they the nation was feeling this way, as in the extract it is quoted that, â€Å"The Reich and the nation are in grave danger. † Moreover, â€Å"people are only dimly aware of the approaching disaster.Prices are rolling unchecked. Hardship Is growing. Starvation threatens. † I know that Because of the demonstrable of the armed forces, there were nearly 200 paramilitary units around Germany by 1919. In 1920, about 12,000 members of the Fireworks marched on Berlin and seized the main buildings of the capital virtually unopposed, where they installed a new government. The German army did not provide any resistance to this Puts ch. In spite of requests from Bert to put down the rebellious forces, the army was not prepared to become involved with either side.We can see that the people lost faith In the government as With terrible speed, we are approaching the complete collapse of the state and of law and order. â€Å"And† The present government is incapable of overcoming the danger. â€Å"This was the pushing mint which made the people get involved, they now know without their input Germany as they know it will only get worse. However, in this new government, strikes were banned but the people carried on as their beliefs and motives suppressed the at hand and the opportunity must be grasped.There is no other way but a government of action, the new government will ruthlessly suppress strikes and sabotage. † Moreover † striking is treason to the nation and the Fatherland. † back up these points I have made. It is useful to know that even though the prices were raising that â€Å"Eve ryone should go peacefully about his work. Everyone willing to work is assured of our firm protection â€Å"people stood up for what they believed in and strike regardless of this point.Overall, I believe this is a very useful source for a historian studying the outbreak of the Kappa Putsch of 1920, due to the use of literacy devices used it shows the way in which the German politicians presented their ideas and how they shared their opinions on this topic. (b) Using all the sources, and your own knowledge, assess to what extent the Kappa Putsch and other political uprisings represented the greatest threat to the Whimper Republic in the period 1919-1923. 5] Taking all of the sources into consideration, it is useful as we get a left wing response, a right wing response and an impartial response with the benefit of hindsight, therefore we can get a moderate opinion of the situation. From my own knowledge in the early years of the Whimper Republic, there were many political threats fr om left and right towards the new Government. The Separatists had extreme left wing political views (Communist) this group split from the SSP in frustration and anger at the Spud's role within the Government.The leaders of this Communist Party were Karl Libertines and Rosa Luxemburg. On January 1st 1919, the members of the Separatists movement rose up in an attempted revolution. The group's leaders initially made this move. The new Government acted promptly and were certainly not stymied with their actions to bring this revolution to an end, As the two main leaders were killed whilst in police custody, The fret-corps (a paramilitary group consisting of former Servicemen) broke down this â€Å"revolution† with force.This issue is acknowledged in source c – â€Å"The Whimper Republic faced its first threat, the communist-inspired Separatists rising. Another well known historian to back my points up is Broacher who states; – â€Å"Contends that the occasion fear of revolution from the left by the early Whimper government, led to their overlooking the much more likely threat posed by the right. We can SE that the Kappa putsch was the first attempt from the right wing extremists, to take control of the constitutional government. (They did this because they favored the restoration of some somewhat authoritarian, dictatorial regime).The Kappa Putsch was led by Wolfgang Kappa The right wing extremists wanted the army to regain its numbers of men in a dictatorial regime. This was not possible because in the signed treaty of Versailles there was an agreement that the army must be cut and no more people could Join the army. The events occurred as followed 1920 about 12,000 members of the Fret-corps (in support of the Kappa putsch) marched to Berlin this is where they seized the main buildings of the capital with ease and no force was set up against them in these buildings was where they installed a new government.The German army did not it he told the German army to put down the rebellious forces, the army was not prepared to become involved with either side. This is also due to the support it had from the army as many significant officers chose to support it the army-followed suit (General Ludwig and General Oldenburg. Ludwig had major involvement and he orchestrated an uprising in Berlin on March 13th. Army troops were sympathetic to the uprising, they took control of Berlin, and Ludwig proclaimed right wing government.The putsch soon ended because SSP members of the government had called for a general strike, which soon paralyses the capital and quickly spread to the rest of the country. (The morale within Germany is strong here as they stuck together o end what was wrong â€Å"Kappa Putsch†) The rebels had little support in Berlin and in Germany elsewhere. It soon became clear that the Army couldn't of been taken for granted, there was no universal support for the Whimper government also the government had limited means of dealings with uprisings of this nature and politicians were not necessarily safe in Berlin this shows a near end to the Kappa Putsch.After four days of this political uprising and after putting Berlin on a stand still, with no/little support it was clear that Wolfgang Kappa and his government gained no real authority and they fled the city. There is evidence of this in sources b and c : â€Å"A military putsch has started. The mercenaries, who were afraid that their Fireworks regiments would be disbanded, have attempted to overthrow the Republic and establish a dictatorial government with Kappa and General von L;twits at its head. † And in 1920, came a second attempt to overthrow the Republic, this time by the right wing Kappa Putsch. It is stated in source C that A brief period of relative calm followed, only to be disrupted in 1923 by hyperinflation that threatened economic chaos and undermined the government's reputation. The Communists were overcautious during th e mass protests of 1923 and acted too late in the â€Å"German October† of 1923†³ this is a big threat to Germany both politically and economically as well as destroying even more of the remaining morale. The hyperinflation crisis increased support for the more extremist parties such as the Nazis would use the hyperinflation crisis to portray their beliefs on how a country should be run.This was very threatening towards the Whimper republic/government propaganda against the government damaged it and lost supporters. The next political uprising to occur was the Munich putsch, which took place from 8-9 November 1923. As the economy floundered and the government struggled to cope with the turmoil, a group of Right Wing politicians in Bavaria planned to take this opportunity to overthrow the government. This event is iconic as it was the first event that Hitler is introduced. However, The Nazis were far too weak on their own to stage any kind of political takeover.It was the need for allies, which led Hitler into negotiations with the right wing Government leaders Kara, Kisser and Lows who had planned this uprising to commence. The Munich Putsch took place from 8-9 November 1923. Reasons behind their rebellious behavior were the developing crisis in Germany in 1923. Due to the Franco-Belgian occupation of the Rue as they took payment in kind, passive resistance, hyperinflation and â€Å"The German October,† Kara and Lows blamed most the republican regime with a â€Å"March on Berlin† from Munich.They lacked faith in this political stunt/ uprising and therefore, they decided to abandon the plan but Hitler wanted to proceed with the Nazis they took control of a large rally, which Kara was addressing in one of Eunuch's beer halls and declared a â€Å"national revolution. Under pressure from the Nazis and Hitler Kara and Lows appeared to co-operate, but General Sect, the chief of the Army Command who was suspicious of Hitler, used his powers to command the armed forces to resist the putsch.The police were notified and the police and a gun battle followed informed the army about this uprising on the day of the putsch the Nazis marched on but were met. In this putsch inn this putsch 16 Nazi supporters were killed and the uprising was easily suppressed. Most of the Nazi leadership were arrested and then put on trial for reason; leading sympathizers including General Ultrasound was also arrested. The consequences of the Munich putsch were probably of the more significance than the uprising it's self.At Hitter's trial, he was given special treatment as was allowed to make long speeches to explain his reasons. Hitler is well known for many terrible things but I believe the most dangerous is his talking skill; Hitler has an orator characteristic therefore, he can easily convince people. This skill transformed him from a little known politician into a champion of the right wing. This is mentioned in source c. Finally, in Novem ber 1923, came another right-wing assault, the Munich Putsch led by Doll Hitler.The Whimper Republic survived because the extremist forces of both Left and Right failed to attract much support and were both divided and disorganized. † Using all the sources, and my own knowledge, I have assessed to what extent the Kappa Putsch and other political uprisings represented the greatest threat to the Whimper Republic in the period 1919-1923, it is clear to see that this was not the best time for the Whimper Republic as they faced a lot of opposition from the angered and betrayed Germans